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Man Explores Dead and Dying Malls Throughout America (videos)

Rehoboth Mall https://youtu.be/n6Cdav9MhDg?t=49s
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Date: January 18th, 2017 12:14 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

Rehoboth Mall

https://youtu.be/n6Cdav9MhDg?t=49s

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396889)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:07 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

By historical country

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954247)



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Date: January 18th, 2017 12:16 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

SUNRISE MALL

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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:07 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Related concepts

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954249)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:21 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

Granite Run Mall:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LyOMm1tvJng&feature=youtu.be&t=25s

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396927)



Reply Favorite

Date: May 11th, 2017 9:24 PM
Author: Spectacular coffee pot

Saw the last Star Wars in the cinema in this Mall's parking lot. Went there when I was young -- around X-Mas time -- and got car sick on the ride home.

Been to a lot of these malls (including Rehoboth and Tri-State).

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#33285830)



Reply Favorite

Date: August 13th, 2018 7:01 PM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

rip

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#36611043)



Reply Favorite

Date: October 19th, 2023 4:11 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Related concepts

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954273)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:27 AM
Author: Hairless Haunted Graveyard Jap

lol this chucklefuck:

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Zov7PEXdVZk&t=25m25s

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396953)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:29 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

check out the other vids. he visits abandoned insane asylums, hospitals, ghettos, and poconos resorts. they are all seriously creepy as fuck and depressing

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396968)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:31 AM
Author: Pearly exhilarant internal respiration indian lodge

Link to your fave ghetto vid?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396980)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:35 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

in this vid he visits a ghetto at night with another cameraman and two gangsters enter the house and they almost get shot. he survives by turning off his flash and hiding in a closet. you can even hear the thugs arguing downstairs

https://youtu.be/miQFqE0UrFo

skip to 12 minutes

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396988)



Reply Favorite

Date: October 19th, 2023 4:11 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954280)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:11 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954276)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:29 AM
Author: Pearly exhilarant internal respiration indian lodge

Now I'm remembering my old mall growing up. Just read that it was permanently closed in 2010. I had no idea.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396963)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:30 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

yep. theres a couple VA malls that went out of business in the last decade or so

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396974)



Reply Favorite

Date: October 19th, 2023 4:12 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954281)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:35 AM
Author: Iridescent bipolar philosopher-king spot

It's fucking sad.

People just want to sit in their beds like zombies, ordering crap off Amazon.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396990)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:37 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

i was shocked the first time i came across these videos. literally completely abandoned malls. zero shoppers. no workers except mall management. utter decay and rot.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32396997)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:48 AM
Author: costumed useless brakes sneaky criminal

there's been one in my hometown like that since the 90's

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397046)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:50 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

seems like premium outlets targeting rich glocap rootless cosmopolitans are the only ones surviving.

the days of hanging out with your friends at the local mall = dead. a quintessential american experience is no more

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397053)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:47 AM
Author: bateful light national security agency sandwich

I saw one that was turned into a "worker retraining" center. That was even more depressing than a dead mall.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397045)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:48 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

evan. is the death of retail to blame? will malls ever recover from the post amazon era?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397050)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:49 AM
Author: bateful light national security agency sandwich

I think it's safe to say that retail is doomed. Pretty soon, only Amazon -- and possibly Apple -- will still have physical stores.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397052)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:54 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

even grocery stores are DONE HERE. evan your days are numbered.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397063)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:55 AM
Author: bateful light national security agency sandwich

I'm well aware, believe me. We had a thread about this like three years ago and everyone said I was crazy for suggesting that Amazon would eventually annihilate grocery stores. Well, it's happening.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397066)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:58 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

evan. you can literally order groceries at a subway station by scanning QR codes on a wall monitor. embrace the future, my gay and slightly racist friend

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397082)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 12:59 AM
Author: bateful light national security agency sandwich

My store had fliers with QR codes recently and all the boomers were confused as hell. What's this here symbol? How do I use this? Is this some kind of rebate?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397086)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 7:42 PM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

lulz

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32402293)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 7:49 PM
Author: Ivory address



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32402328)



Reply Favorite

Date: August 13th, 2018 7:28 PM
Author: Lascivious Hominid Property

“Is this some kind of rebate?”

180

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#36611155)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 2:08 AM
Author: Purple trip stage roast beef

I have started using amazon fresh. Sorry friend!

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32397321)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 8:23 PM
Author: kink-friendly flushed pit

"People just want to sit in their beds like zombies, ordering crap off Amazon."

Better than Sunglasses Hut carnival barkers, a sea of proles, screeching teens.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32402478)



Reply Favorite

Date: August 13th, 2018 7:23 PM
Author: Spectacular coffee pot

Nah. There was something comforting about a mall. The mall in your hometown was similar to other malls across the country-- you would have a food court with an Orange Julius, an arcade, Chess King, record store, some anchor stores, etc. Like if you were away from home and home sick, you could go to a mall and realize, hey, this is similar to where I came from. This is familiar. Good memories too-- hanging out with friends at the arcade or just randomly walking around the mall hoping to run into some girls from your high school. Stuff like that.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#36611134)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 7:48 PM
Author: mauve persian

in high school we used to break into a wooded restricted area where a creepy as fuck condemned insane asylum stood. there were guards patrolling the perimeter that we had to sneak past. one time we made it inside the building and really freaked ourselves out. I put my hand through a glass window and thought I was going to die from blood loss/infection

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32402324)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 7:49 PM
Author: Primrose center

is this the vice thing

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32402329)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 18th, 2017 8:17 PM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

dan bell. not vice

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#32402449)



Reply Favorite

Date: October 19th, 2023 4:12 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954283)



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Date: May 11th, 2017 9:18 PM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#33285767)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:09 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954262)



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Date: June 11th, 2017 9:58 PM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

UPDATE:

PITTSBURGH MILLS MALL

https://youtu.be/mOlffr73fuM?t=7m58s

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#33531416)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:09 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954263)



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Date: August 13th, 2018 7:00 PM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

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http://xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=4051116&mc=4&forum_id=2

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#36611036)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:09 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:09 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954265)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:10 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Date: October 31st, 2018 12:25 AM
Author: Provocative fiercely-loyal principal's office



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:10 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954268)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:13 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954269)



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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:13 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954286)



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Date: August 4th, 2020 12:50 AM
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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:10 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Related concepts

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Related concepts

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Related concepts

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954289)



Reply Favorite

Date: October 19th, 2023 3:58 AM
Author: laughsome travel guidebook

bump for the retard in the other thread:

https://www.xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=5430540&mc=1&forum_id=2

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954236)



Reply Favorite

Date: October 19th, 2023 4:08 AM
Author: Plum motley lay incel

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

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Date: October 19th, 2023 4:09 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service. but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players are not exempt from conscription.[41][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[42][43] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[44][45] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[46]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[47]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[48] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[49]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[50]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[51]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[52]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[53] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[54] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[55]

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[56] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[57]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. Majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" works as "social service agent (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and work with wages far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices and sanitarium.[56]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention. But the conscription of South Korea did not change. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4-" now have right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[56]

However, ILO informed that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention in a number of their annual reports.[56]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[58] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[59]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[60][61] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[62] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[63] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[64] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[65] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[66] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[67] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[68]

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3494558&forum_id=2#46954261)