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The OFFICIAL XOXO Cumskin Guide to Immigrating to Selected Cumskin Countries

NORWAY: Oral Norwegian test and a social studies test ...
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  11/09/17
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_meat_consumption_in_South_...
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Dead Stain
  10/29/18
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Isn't your overall food consumption much higher than nyuug's...
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  06/19/18
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basically for all three countries you just have to live in t...
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  11/09/17
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Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park
  06/19/18
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  06/19/18
lol @ calling sweden and norway white.
Bossy Roommate Meetinghouse
  11/09/17
stuffwhitepeoplelike: turning into darker shades of cum
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/09/17
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Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park
  06/19/18
how about like Uruguay? want to get far to the periphery of ...
Adventurous sexy sanctuary
  11/09/17
im assuming that american cumskins who want to move to cumsk...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/09/17
How is it possible that you don't know anything about ANY su...
nubile thriller shrine water buffalo
  11/20/17
(literal american cumskin whose ancestors stole land from th...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/20/17
Go find our out how many Red Man natives live in Uruguay and...
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  11/20/17
(guy who literally thinks cumskins arrived in Uruguay before...
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Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park
  06/19/18
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I think you can cop a paraguayan passport with like a $5k ba...
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  11/09/17
sup diesel.
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/10/17
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Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park
  06/19/18
How do you cop DAT Korean passport? Oh wait. Lol.
boyish disrespectful hospital boiling water
  11/10/17
(guy literally mad as fuck dat NYUUG is fucking his women ev...
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  11/10/17
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  06/19/18
lol'd
plum buck-toothed cumskin bawdyhouse
  11/19/17
post aged WONDERFULLY.
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...
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  06/19/18
looks like ole Chaebong Hyung is thinking about packing up h...
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just giving advice to my cumskin brethren out there who wish...
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  06/19/18
how do you get Korean citizenship again?
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  11/19/17
several ways. find my old thread i posted about it earlier t...
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  11/19/17
any requirements for ... say ... military service?
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nyuug plz respond?
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  11/20/17
have a big korean cock and you can fuck white girls in lieu ...
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...
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korean citizen here, u mad?
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  06/19/18
...
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  11/20/17
white nationalist logic would have it that cumskin americans...
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The definition of white nationalism is that this is a white ...
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*preaches white nationalism* *moves to Red Man's land* ...
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...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/22/17
shithole bump
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  01/11/18
...
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  01/11/18
Any xoxo cumskins move to any of the countries mentioned in ...
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  03/06/18
...
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  03/06/18
thinking about it
plum buck-toothed cumskin bawdyhouse
  04/01/18
whatever your ethnicity is bro, i guarantee you youll be hap...
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  04/01/18
"i guarantee you youll be happier living in the country...
plum buck-toothed cumskin bawdyhouse
  04/01/18
norway opened my eyes, bro there are just so many things ...
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  04/01/18
You’re not very articulate are you? You’re not going to per...
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i literally made a 200 post thread about my visit to norway....
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...
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of course not. you cumskin dorks are still whining and bitch...
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Mueller bump
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  11/11/18
any cumskins immigrate to scandinavia yet?
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  10/29/18
...
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great thread but unlike CHAEBONG HYUNG, I have citizenship e...
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EU passport holder who can live in any of these countries, s...
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"EU" is not a country. it's a fictional entity. un...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  06/07/20
i can live and work in scandanavia as if i am a citizen. u m...
splenetic tanning salon keepsake machete
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JEW | WITHOUT | PASSPORT
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  06/07/20
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not a single cumskin poster living in the White Mans land st...
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germany retard bump http://xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_...
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*ctrl+f* "ireland" "0/0" useles...
Ruddy Aromatic Rigpig
  09/21/20
LOLLERCAUST@ cumskins not even being able to immigrate to qu...
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scandinavians arent even white theyre more korean/asian than...
Ruddy Aromatic Rigpig
  09/21/20
(guy who literally thinks cumskins literally didn't originat...
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dont say i didnt try to help you, trumptards!
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still time, my xoxo friends
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  05/26/22
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any posters living in Oslo, Copenhagen, or Stockholm now?
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  05/31/22
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Any white guys on XOXO take my advice when I posted this thr...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  05/29/23
July 2023, no movement
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of course not, US whites are the biggest betas, they wld rat...
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ABSOLUTELY DEVASTATING.
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LOLLERCAUST@ all the fucktarded cumskins today pretending th...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/09/23
To be fair, (40-year-old make-up wearing man who will nev...
dark kink-friendly generalized bond menage
  11/09/23
LOL@ fucktarded tbf not even denying cumskin inconsistency a...
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/09/23
To be fair, Number of times Korea has ever invaded anothe...
dark kink-friendly generalized bond menage
  11/09/23
LMAO@ harlem shaketarded tbf crying, losing hoap
slippery wonderful kitchen puppy
  11/09/23
To be fair, "LOLLERCAUST u guys are such harlemshake...
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  02/18/24


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Date: November 9th, 2017 3:33 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

NORWAY:

Oral Norwegian test and a social studies test

Renounced original citizenship

Stay in Norway for a total of seven of the past ten years and have held residence permits that were each valid for at least one year

https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/citizenship/citizenship-for-people-who-hold-a-residence-permit-in-norway/?c=usa#link-578

***

SWEDEN:

To become a Swedish citizen, you must have been living in Sweden on a long-term basis for a certain period of time. As a rule you must have been resident in Sweden for a continuous period of five years.

https://www.migrationsverket.se/English/Private-individuals/Becoming-a-Swedish-citizen/Citizenship-for-adults/Time-in-Sweden.html

***

DENMARK:

You must have permanent residence permit.

You must sign an oath statement of loyalty to the Danish state.

You must have 9 years of legal residence in Denmark (8 years for refugees). If married to a Danish citizen you can apply after 6 years.

You must pass a Prøve i Dansk, see New tightenings.

You must pass a test about Danish society, culture and history (former Statsborgerskabsprøven, from now on Indfødsretsprøven)

http://refugees.dk/en/focus/2015/oktober/new-requirements-for-danish-citizenship/

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Date: April 20th, 2018 12:48 AM
Author: demanding therapy hunting ground

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_meat_consumption_in_South_Korea

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Date: April 20th, 2018 12:49 AM
Author: aqua concupiscible range

perfect

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Date: January 19th, 2021 10:02 PM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

https://m.imgur.com/xATySHU?r

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Date: January 21st, 2021 12:20 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146655)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:15 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146657)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:15 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146658)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146659)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146663)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:16 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146666)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:16 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146668)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146670)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146671)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:17 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146673)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:17 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146674)



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Date: January 21st, 2021 12:20 AM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146649)



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Date: October 29th, 2018 9:50 PM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146650)



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Date: October 29th, 2018 9:51 PM
Author: transparent black woman

Isn't your overall food consumption much higher than nyuug's? Aren't you some tubby 40 year old shrew?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#37121791)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:14 AM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146648)



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Date: June 19th, 2018 8:20 PM
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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

Wikipedia Search

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146653)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2017 3:35 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

basically for all three countries you just have to live in those countries for like 5+ years and you're in.

seriously sad that the beta cumskin dorks on xoxo could simply move to any cumskin country and live there for 5 years and cop DAT cumskin passport yet all they do is bitch and whine about foreigners invading America

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34641006)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 19th, 2018 8:20 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

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^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

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^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274628)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2017 4:00 AM
Author: Bossy Roommate Meetinghouse

lol @ calling sweden and norway white.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34641106)



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Date: November 9th, 2017 9:10 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

stuffwhitepeoplelike: turning into darker shades of cum

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34647845)



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Date: June 19th, 2018 8:21 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274625)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2017 9:21 PM
Author: Adventurous sexy sanctuary

how about like Uruguay? want to get far to the periphery of this mess

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34647954)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2017 9:25 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

im assuming that american cumskins who want to move to cumskin countries prefer cumskin natives to Red Man natives

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34648009)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 20th, 2017 1:37 AM
Author: nubile thriller shrine water buffalo

How is it possible that you don't know anything about ANY subject at all

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34728672)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 20th, 2017 1:41 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

(literal american cumskin whose ancestors stole land from the Red Man pretending that said cumskin ancestors did not steal land from the Red man)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34728688)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 20th, 2017 1:42 AM
Author: nubile thriller shrine water buffalo

Go find our out how many Red Man natives live in Uruguay and post. Absolute numbers or percentages are both fine

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34728695)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 20th, 2017 1:43 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

(guy who literally thinks cumskins arrived in Uruguay before the Red man)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34728698)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 19th, 2018 8:21 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

Wikipedia Search

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Reply Favorite

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Author: cracking cream forum

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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34648663)



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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34650689)



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Date: June 19th, 2018 8:22 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274633)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 10th, 2017 1:40 AM
Author: boyish disrespectful hospital boiling water

How do you cop DAT Korean passport? Oh wait. Lol.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34650708)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 10th, 2017 1:41 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

(guy literally mad as fuck dat NYUUG is fucking his women every day)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34650717)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 19th, 2018 8:22 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274639)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 19th, 2017 10:24 PM
Author: Passionate indigo pocket flask nursing home

looks like ole Chaebong Hyung is thinking about packing up his hobo stickbag to go infect some other country!

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34727539)



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Date: November 19th, 2017 10:27 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

just giving advice to my cumskin brethren out there who wish to move to lands they have not stolen from the Red and Brown man

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34727568)



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Date: June 19th, 2018 8:23 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274646)



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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34727836)



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Wikipedia Search

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274648)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 20th, 2017 2:00 AM
Author: Motley thirsty windowlicker



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34728764)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 20th, 2017 2:06 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

white nationalist logic would have it that cumskin americans migrate en masse to cumskin countries.

we have not seen this yet.

explain said discrepancy.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34728788)



Reply Favorite

Date: March 6th, 2018 10:21 PM
Author: Green histrionic den dopamine

The definition of white nationalism is that this is a white country and everyone else should GTFO. You seem to be thinking of white Zionism.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35550517)



Reply Favorite

Date: March 6th, 2018 10:23 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

*preaches white nationalism*

*moves to Red Man's land*

*preaches white nationalism*

*is white*

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35550525)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 19th, 2018 8:24 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

Wikipedia Search

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274652)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 22nd, 2017 8:24 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#34752605)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 11th, 2018 11:47 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

shithole bump

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35137426)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 11th, 2018 11:57 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35137472)



Reply Favorite

Date: March 6th, 2018 10:17 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

Any xoxo cumskins move to any of the countries mentioned in the OP since I posted said OP?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35550485)



Reply Favorite

Date: March 6th, 2018 10:21 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35550516)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 1st, 2018 7:32 PM
Author: plum buck-toothed cumskin bawdyhouse

thinking about it

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35738766)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 1st, 2018 7:35 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

whatever your ethnicity is bro, i guarantee you youll be happier living in the country of said ethnicity rather than in america

and this goes double after i visited norway in feb to see for myself what cumskin homelands look like. it was incredible how different norway was from america. literally two different universes

the dumbest thing whites ever did was cede control of their homelands to the brown hordes. seriously dumb as fuck move.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35738793)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 1st, 2018 7:49 PM
Author: plum buck-toothed cumskin bawdyhouse

"i guarantee you youll be happier living in the country of said ethnicity rather than in america"

can you elaborate on this for me?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35738906)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 1st, 2018 7:51 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

norway opened my eyes, bro

there are just so many things about it that are different from america that i dont understand why any white person in america would choose to live in america rather than live in the country of his/her ancestors

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35738918)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 1st, 2018 8:22 PM
Author: Light spectacular hall

You’re not very articulate are you? You’re not going to persuade anyone this way.

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35739117)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 1st, 2018 8:32 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

i literally made a 200 post thread about my visit to norway. its not hard to search for it

the nigga can find it himself

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35739202)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 8th, 2018 8:07 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35794520)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 19th, 2018 8:26 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#36274668)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 18th, 2018 10:48 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35871452)



Reply Favorite

Date: April 29th, 2018 8:39 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

of course not. you cumskin dorks are still whining and bitching and doing nothing about it. LOL losers

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#35946745)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 19th, 2018 8:26 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

Wikipedia Search

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

Wikipedia Search

EditWatch this pageRead in another language

Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Date: June 19th, 2018 8:31 PM
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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (₩1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (이등병) Private first class (일등병) Corporal (상등병) Sergeant (병장)

₩163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month ₩176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month ₩195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month ₩216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately ₩300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "병역이행안내 - 개요(총괄)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "제68조의11(예술ㆍ체육요원의 추천 등) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". 병역법 시행령 [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. 법 제33조의7제1항 전단에서 "대통령령으로 정하는 예술·체육 분야의 특기를 가진 사람"이란 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 사람을 말한다. ... 4. 올림픽대회에서 3위 이상으로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다) 5. 아시아경기대회에서 1위로 입상한 사람(단체경기종목의 경우에는 실제로 출전한 선수만 해당한다). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "리우에서도 떠오른 축구대표팀 '병역특례'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "들쭉날쭉 병역특례기준 '형평성' 논란…병무청 '누적점수제' 추진" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ 공무원보수규정 '별표 13' 군인의 봉급표(제5조 및 별표 1 관련) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ 조, 기호 (18 July 2012). "운동화 한 켤레 못 주는 군(軍)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[보도자료] 예산 없다던 국방부, 사관생도에게는 고가 외국브랜드 운동화 지급". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "최지우, '승헌이에게 말 걸어볼까?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SC현장] 탑, 대마초 4회 흡연 시인…"공소사실 모두 인정"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "빅뱅 탑, 재복무심사에서 부적합 결론… 의경신분 박탈" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "탑, 의경 신분 박탈 '재복무 심사서 부적합 판정'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 흡연' 빅뱅 탑, 의경에서 사회복무 요원 됐다". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'대마초' 빅뱅 탑, 오늘 의경 전역…사회복무요원으로 근무". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'대마초 논란' 탑, 보충역 통보받고 오늘 전역…사회복무요원으로 전환". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "대마초 집유판결 탑 결국 사회복무요원으로, 누리꾼 반응 '냉랭'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Date: November 11th, 2018 8:36 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

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^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

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^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

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Date: October 29th, 2018 9:50 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

any cumskins immigrate to scandinavia yet?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#37121775)



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Date: November 11th, 2018 8:33 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#37212354)



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Date: November 11th, 2018 8:37 PM
Author: Charcoal Charismatic Mental Disorder Trailer Park

Wikipedia Search

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ "๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„)" [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 2017-12-20. Retrieved 2017-12-28.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 2017-12-27.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 3642316891.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-29.

^ Lent, Jesse (2016-04-01). "'Descendants Of The Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time In The South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

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Conscription in South Korea

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform about two years of compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but may voluntarily enlist.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on July 17, 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 18 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3, 4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active or supplemental service." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[10] Active duty soldiers serve 21 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 23 months in the Navy, and 24 months in the Air Force.[11] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for 6 years.[citation needed]

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 24 months for social work personnel or international cooperation service personnel; 34 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 36 months for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[12]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[13] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[14]

Exemptions for Olympic medalists Edit

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[15] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 34 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[16]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[17][18] 2008 Olympic gold medalists badminton player Lee Yong-dae[19] and swimmer Park Tae-hwan[20][21] and 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung.[22]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2017.[23] Exchange rate as of 2 May 2018 (โ‚ฉ1077 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

$151.35 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ176,400

$163.79 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ195,000

$181.06 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ216,000

$200.56 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it has failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[24]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[25]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before March 31 of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service.[26] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Controversies Edit

The South Korean public is sensitive towards the country's mandatory military service, but also has a low tolerance towards those who attempt to dodge or receive special treatment, especially after scandals of wealthy families caught trying to avoid their national duty. Those found or accused of draft dodging and negligence of duty often face harsh penalties and public backlash. According to Ha Jae-keun, a South Korean pop columnist, "The mood against draft-dodgers and negligence of duty is so hostile that nowadays entertainers feel it's better to get it over and done with".[27][28]

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before Korean American pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he gave up his Korean nationality and became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[29]

Song Seung-heon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[30] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of Corporal.[31][32]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[33] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[34]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012 Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[35][36][37]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[38] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[39][40] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[41][42]

T.O.P Edit

T.O.P began his two-year mandatory military service on February 9, 2017 as a conscripted police officer, where he was set to be discharged on November 8, 2018 after completing the requirements.[43] However, it was announced in June that he would be prosecuted without detention for use of marijuana.[44] He was subsequently transferred to a different police division to await notice of prosecution, and was suspended from police duty pending verdict on his case.[45] A few days after the announcement, T.O.P was found unconscious in police barracks due to a suspected anti-anxiety medicine overdose of prescribed benzodiazepine,[46] and was hospitalized.[47] On June 8, T.O.P's mother confirmed that her son had opened his eyes and was recovering.[48]

On June 29, T.O.P faced his first trial for the marijuana usage charges at the Seoul Central District Court.[49] He pleaded guilty to the charges against him and admitted that he did smoke marijuana on two out of the four instances.[50] T.O.P received two years of probation, with a possibility of ten months' jail time if he violates any terms.[51] At the second court hearing the following month, T.O.P was sentenced to 10 months in prison suspended for two years for illegal marijuana use.[52] He acknowledged all guilty charges. After undergoing a disciplinary review by the police to decide if T.O.P could return as a conscripted policeman or will complete his service as a public service officer,[53] the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency reviewed T.O.P's current condition and decided T.O.P is unfit to resume service in his previous position.[54][55] A request was made to Army headquarters for a new position for T.O.P to determine either to serve as a public service worker of a full-time reserve soldier to complete his mandatory service.[56][57] T.O.P was eventually assigned reservist status by the Ministry of National Defense and transferred from police department.[58] He will complete his mandatory service as a public service worker.[59] The time T.O.P had been dismissed from duty during his prosecution will not count towards his total service.[60][61]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection is not recognised in South Korea.[62] Usually, over 400 people are imprisoned at any one time for refusing military service, for political or religious reasons. This is contrary to international human rights standards and the government of Korea have been repeatedly criticised for not allowing those whose conscience prevents them from joining the military to undertake some kind of substitute service, rather than imprisoning them.

See also Edit

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

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^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0801445663.

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^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". Chosun Ilbo. 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ Kim, Christine (2010-12-22). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€๏ฟฝ๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. September 30, 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates In Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ) . Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 2017-10-12.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn๏ฟฝt coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-06.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Retrieved 2012-11-18.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P confirms military enlistment date". Yibada. November 22, 2016.

^ "The Full Story Behind T.O.P's Drug Scandal, And The Mysterious Trainee Woman". June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.

^ Jun, R. "BIGBANG's T.O.P To Be Dismissed From Duty For Duration of Prosecution". Soompi. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

^ "Medical expert comments on T.O.P's benzodiazepine overdose | allkpop.com". allkpop. Retrieved 2017-06-09.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P hospitalized for drug overdose". YonhapNews. June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.

^ "K-pop superstar T.O.P. in intensive care after overdose". BBC. June 8, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.

^ Kim Jung-kyoon (June 30, 2017). "T.O.P admits to all charges at first hearing". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ "Big Bang's T.O.P pleads guilty to pot charges". The Jakarta Post. June 30, 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-19.

^ Park Hyeong-taek (June 29, 2017). "[SCํ˜„์žฅ] ํƒ‘, ๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ 4ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ ์‹œ์ธ๏ฟฝ"๊ณต์†Œ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ •"" [[SC scene] Top, smoking four po ... "All the facts of the charges"]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). Retrieved July 19, 2017.

^ Riddhiman Mukhopadhyay (July 20, 2017). "Rapper T.O.P sentenced at final trial: Apologizes to fans for his actions". International Business Times. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

^ "(LEAD) BIGBANG's T.O.P. gets suspended sentence for marijuana use". Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.

^ "๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๏ฟฝ ์˜๊ฒฝ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ" [Big Bang tower is inadequate in re-examination ... Deprivation of state]. Sports Chosun (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BIGBANG's T.O.P to lose police post after drug conviction". Yonhap News Agency. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ '์žฌ๋ณต๋ฌด ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ ํŒ์ •'" [Top, disqualification of state of rehabilitation]. Starin E-Daily (in Korean). July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ "BigBang rapper T.O.P cannot continue serving military duty as a policeman". Starits Times. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.

^ Lee Young-jae (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ํก์—ฐ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด ์š”์› ๋๋‹ค". Korea JoongAng Daily (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Ji-heon (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ' ๋น…๋ฑ… ํƒ‘, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜๊ฒฝ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด". Yonhap News Agency (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Kim Yoo-jin (August 28, 2017). "'๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ๋…ผ๋ž€' ํƒ‘, ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „์—ญ๏ฟฝ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜". Herald Economy (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ Hae Kyung Heon (August 28, 2017). "๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ ์ง‘์œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ํƒ‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์œผ๋กœ, ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊พผ ๋ฐ˜์‘ '๋ƒ‰๋žญ'". Sports Khan (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-29.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

Exter

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#37212408)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 11th, 2018 8:47 PM
Author: Multi-colored Filthpig Theatre

great thread but unlike CHAEBONG HYUNG, I have citizenship earned through military service so I don't need to immigrate. Thanks for the tips though! Got any to get Korean citizenship?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#37212471)



Reply Favorite

Date: February 26th, 2019 10:14 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#37849013)



Reply Favorite

Date: August 21st, 2019 8:26 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#38722312)



Reply Favorite

Date: December 9th, 2019 11:23 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#39240526)



Reply Favorite

Date: December 20th, 2019 12:49 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

cali turd world bump

http://xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=4404284&mc=106&forum_id=2

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#39295806)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 29th, 2020 12:18 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

pumo shithead bump:

http://www.xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=4430758&mc=4&forum_id=2

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#39505333)



Reply Favorite

Date: May 31st, 2020 9:30 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40315511)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 3rd, 2020 12:09 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40334946)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 7th, 2020 8:55 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40373082)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 7th, 2020 8:56 PM
Author: splenetic tanning salon keepsake machete

EU passport holder who can live in any of these countries, sup?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40373089)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 7th, 2020 8:58 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

"EU" is not a country. it's a fictional entity. unlike your jew ass i actually am a passport holder of a country that i share the same nationality as the people who live in said country

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40373106)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 7th, 2020 9:36 PM
Author: splenetic tanning salon keepsake machete

i can live and work in scandanavia as if i am a citizen. u maf?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40373364)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 7th, 2020 9:37 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

JEW | WITHOUT | PASSPORT

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40373377)



Reply Favorite

Date: June 24th, 2020 9:36 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40490256)



Reply Favorite

Date: August 21st, 2020 2:24 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

not a single cumskin poster living in the White Mans land still, why

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40788775)



Reply Favorite

Date: September 21st, 2020 12:56 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

germany retard bump

http://xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=4629432&mc=32&forum_id=2

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40957507)



Reply Favorite

Date: September 21st, 2020 12:58 AM
Author: Ruddy Aromatic Rigpig

*ctrl+f*

"ireland"

"0/0"

useless thread

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40957509)



Reply Favorite

Date: September 21st, 2020 12:59 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

LOLLERCAUST@ cumskins not even being able to immigrate to quasi cumskin countries, let alone to real cumskin homelands

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40957514)



Reply Favorite

Date: September 21st, 2020 1:00 AM
Author: Ruddy Aromatic Rigpig

scandinavians arent even white theyre more korean/asian than you are

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40957520)



Reply Favorite

Date: September 21st, 2020 1:04 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

(guy who literally thinks cumskins literally didn't originate from scandinavia and aren't the only true "pure" cumskin countries today)

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#40957530)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 8th, 2020 11:13 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

dont say i didnt try to help you, trumptards!

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41322319)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 12th, 2020 12:25 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41347706)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 16th, 2020 7:35 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41378431)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 23rd, 2020 1:54 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41419375)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 7th, 2021 3:13 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41697577)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 7th, 2021 9:57 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41704907)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 11th, 2021 12:46 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41728186)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 9:43 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787171)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 9:44 PM
Author: Motley thirsty windowlicker



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787175)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 9:45 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

NYUUG = literal savior of the white race ridiculed by the masses, sacrificed like Jesus himself

why

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787184)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 10:00 PM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

https://m.imgur.com/xATySHU?r

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787274)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 10:01 PM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

https://m.imgur.com/xATySHU?r

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787279)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 10:01 PM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

https://m.imgur.com/xATySHU?r

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787277)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 19th, 2021 10:01 PM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

https://m.imgur.com/xATySHU?r

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41787281)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 21st, 2021 12:11 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy



(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#41795964)



Reply Favorite

Date: January 21st, 2021 12:14 AM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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It has been suggested that Military Service System in South Korea be merged into this article. (Discuss)

Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 28 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may join the military.[3]

Establishment Edit

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5] The Military Service Act of 1949, which was implemented in 1957, specified that compulsory military service is required for men ages 19 or older.[6][2] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[7]

Requirements Edit

Enlistment and physical exam Edit

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[6][8] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo a physical exam to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the physical exam's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[9] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[10]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform active in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements." "To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service." "To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Service types and length Edit

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[11] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, and 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[12] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed](5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service worker - a personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as Local community centers like City Hall, Government Agencies, and Public Facilities like Subway Stations);[13] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[14]

South Korea currently has among the longest military service periods in the world, ranked behind Israel, Singapore, and North Korea.[citation needed] In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[15] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[16]

Exemptions Edit

Athletics Edit

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe the athletics also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[17] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal in either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[17]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[17]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[18] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[19]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[17]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[20][21] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[22] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[23][24] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Hyeon Chung,[25] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung Min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

E-sport competitors are not exempt from conscription.[26][failed verification]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[17]

Music and arts Edit

Exemptions are also granted to violinists, pianists, and ballet performers, actors, or directors. A two year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Kim Seok-jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[27][28] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of the Korean culture and Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[29][30]

Conscientious objection Edit

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[31]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[32] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[33]

Compensation Edit

The following data is from 'Regulation on Public Servant Compensation', implemented on 1 January 2020.[34] Exchange rate as of 2 January 2017 (โ‚ฉ1210 to $1.00USD)

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

$337.3 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ441,700

$365.1 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ488,200

$403.5 (approx) per month โ‚ฉ540,900

$447.1 (approx) per month

Equipment Edit

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[35]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[36]

Dual citizens Edit

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[37] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[38] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

Draft evasion Edit

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[39][40] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[41] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[42] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Steve Yoo Edit

In 2002, right before South Korean pop singer Steve Yoo was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[43]

Song Seungheon Edit

In late 2004, it was revealed that actor Song Seung-heon had avoided his draft by taking medication to fail the military physical examination. Song had previously been exempted by claiming to have severe diabetes and high blood pressure, but that was found by the South Korean government to be false.[44] Amidst press coverage and public outcry, Song publicly apologized and agreed to immediately serve his two-year term in the military. Song was discharged on 15 November 2006 with the rank of corporal.[45][46]

MC Mong Edit

On 11 April 2011, rapper MC Mong was cleared of intentionally pulling out healthy teeth to be exempted from military duty but was sentenced to a suspended jail term of 6 months, probation for one year, and 120 hours of community service, for deliberately delaying enlistment on false grounds.[47] The court acknowledged that there was a delay in his military enlistment; however, they were unable to determine whether he was guilty of extracting teeth for the purpose of avoiding his military draft. In September 2011, it was reported that Mong has been banned by Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) from appearing in its TV shows, for draft dodging.[48]

Kim Mu-yeol Edit

In June 2012, Kim Mu-yeol came under growing public criticism over allegations he dodged his compulsory military service. In a report released by the Korean Board of Audit and Inspection (BAI), Kim was deemed fit to serve in active duty as a level two recruit after a March 2001 physical examination. However, throughout 2007 to 2009, Kim was granted postponement on the grounds that he was taking civil service examinations or had been admitted to a work training facility, neither of which took place. During this time he reportedly earned approximately โ‚ฉ300 million from films, musicals and television work. In December 2009, he received his final notice for enlistment, having used up the 730 days allowed for postponement. He submitted a request to change his military status in January 2010 because of a knee injury, which was rejected. Finally, a valid exemption was granted on the grounds that he was a "low-income individual" and the sole provider for his family. BAI's contention was that Kim's income is substantially higher than the standard for disqualification due to poverty; thus, the Military Manpower Administration was negligent in their duties by granting the exemption.[49][50][51]

Kim's agency Prain TPC defended him, stating that Kim had been supporting his family by working as a security guard, construction worker and at a mobile phone factory since his late teens. When his father collapsed from a cerebral hemorrhage and was diagnosed with cancer in 2008, the treatments incurred a lot of debt for the family. Their worsening financial condition caused them to become totally dependent on Kim, resulting in his said filing for an exemption in 2010.[52] Given the publicity, a reinvestigation into the case was launched and Kim was asked by the production company to leave the film 11 A.M. (he was replaced by Choi Daniel).[53][54] On 4 October 2012, Kim released a statement that though there was no wrongdoing on his part, he had decided to voluntarily enter the army "to recover his honor damaged by the rumors."[55][56]

See also Edit

Conscription in North Korea

Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Republic of Korea Army

Republic of Korea Marine Corps

Republic of Korea Navy

Republic of Korea Air Force

References Edit

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ดํ–‰์•ˆ๋‚ด - ๊ฐœ์š”(์ด๊ด„) [Military Service Implementation Guide - General Overview]. Military Manpower Organization (in Korean). Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ a b Lee, Namhee (2007). The Making of Minjung: Democracy and the Politics of Representation in South Korea. Cornell University Press. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0801445668.

^ "S. Korea to expand women's role in military". Yonhap News Agency. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.

^ "Constitution of the Republic of Korea" (PDF). 1987. p. 12. Retrieved 27 December 2017.

^ Kim, Jongcheol (2012). "Constitutional Law". Introduction to Korean Law. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 978-3642316890.

^ a b "Military Service Act, Article 8". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "History". Military Manpower Administration. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 5". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 10-14". Korean Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ "New Korean military service laws mean male idols must enlist by age 28". Retrieved 18 October 2018.

^ Lent, Jesse (1 April 2016). "'Descendants of the Sun' Star Song Joong Ki Discusses His Time in the South Korean Army". Korea Portal. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Military Service Act, Article 18". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "The first step toward military service: The medical exam". The Korea Herald. 14 May 2019.

^ "Military Service Act, Articles 26-43". Korea Legislation Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ "Conscription 'Should Be Phased Out Slowly'". The Chosun Ilbo. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ Kim, Christine (22 December 2010). "Plan to cut compulsory military service scrapped". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 December 2017.

^ a b c d e Sang-Hun, Choe (13 October 2018). "As South Korean Athletes Avoid the Draft, Some Ask: Why Not K-Pop Stars?". The New York Times. Seoul. Retrieved 23 February 2019.

^ "์ œ68์กฐ์˜11(์˜ˆ์ˆ ใ†์ฒด์œก์š”์›์˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ ๋“ฑ) [Article 68-11: Recommendation of arts and sports personnel, etc.]". ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๋ น [Military Service Act Implementation Rules]. South Korea: Ministry of Government Legislation. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2018. ๋ฒ• ์ œ33์กฐ์˜7์ œ1ํ•ญ ์ „๋‹จ์—์„œ "๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๋ น์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ·์ฒด์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ... 4. ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 3์œ„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค) 5. ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ 1์œ„๋กœ ์ž…์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ(๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ข…๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ถœ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค). [In Article 33, Paragraph 7, Subparagraph 2 of the Act, 'a person having special talents in arts and athletics fields, as defined by presidential order' refers to persons to whom are applicable any one of the provisions of the following subparagraphs. ... 4. A person who received a prize for ranked third or above at the Olympics (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated). 5. A person who received a prize for ranking first at the Asian Games (in the case of team events, only applicable to athletes who actually participated).]

^ "๋ฆฌ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€ '๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€'".

^ "Footballer to Be Spared Military Service Despite IOC Probe". The Chosun Ilbo. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.

^ "Medal instead of military service". The Hankyoreh. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2013.

^ "๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ ๋ณ‘์—ญํŠน๋ก€๊ธฐ์ค€ 'ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ' ๋…ผ๋ž€…๋ณ‘๋ฌด์ฒญ '๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ˆ˜์ œ' ์ถ”์ง„" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. 30 September 2016.

^ "Park Tae-hwan Enters Army Boot Camp". The Chosun Ilbo. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "Star Swimmer Says Army Boot Camp Helped Him Grow". The Chosun Ilbo. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ "Hyeon Chung Participates in Korean Military Training - ATP World Tour - Tennis - ATP World Tour - Tennis".

^ May, Tiffany (20 February 2019). "Calling K-Pop Stars 'Identical,' South Korea Tries to Limit Their Influence". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Mogul, Rhea (2 December 2020). "K-pop group BTS can defer military service after South Korea passes new law". CNN. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "S Korea passes law allowing BTS stars to defer military service". Al Jazeera. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ Haas, Benjamin (5 September 2018). "Should K-pop go bang? South Korean stars BTS caught in conscription debate". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 February 2019.

^ Ryall, Julian (6 October 2020). "K-pop stars of BTS may be granted exemptions from mandatory military service". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

^ "Country report and updates: Korea, South - War Resisters' International". www.wri-irg.org.

^ Choe, Sang-Hun (28 June 2018). "South Korea Must Offer Alternatives to Military Draft, Court Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2019.

^ Kwon, Jake; Griffiths, James (1 November 2018). "South Korea's top court legalizes conscientious objection after decades-long fight". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

^ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ทœ์ • '๋ณ„ํ‘œ 13' ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋ด‰๊ธ‰ํ‘œ(์ œ5์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ณ„ํ‘œ 1 ๊ด€๋ จ). Korea Ministry of Government Legislation (in Korean). Retrieved 28 April 2015.

^ ์กฐ, ๊ธฐํ˜ธ (18 July 2012). "์šด๋™ํ™” ํ•œ ์ผค๋ ˆ ๋ชป ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตฐ(่ป)!". Seoul Broadcasting System. Retrieved 4 August 2012.

^ "[๋ณด๋„์ž๋ฃŒ] ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์—†๋‹ค๋˜ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์ƒ๋„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์šด๋™ํ™” ์ง€๊ธ‰". Retrieved 4 August 2012.[dead link]

^ "FAQs-Dual Citizens | U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Korea. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

^ "FAQ-04 Multiple Citizenship & Military Service Duty". Republic of Korea Military Manpower Administration. 16 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2020.

^ "South Korean singer Rain reports for military service". BBC News. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.

^ Park, Eun-jee (16 January 2013). "Military service mischief a losing battle". Joongang Daily. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.

^ ๋ณ‘์—ญํšŒํ”ผ ์ตœ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€…๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ·์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜·๋ฌธ์‹  ์ˆœ. www.hani.co.kr (in Korean). 27 June 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ ์ด์ง€์šฉ,์„œํƒœ์šฑ,์—ฐ๊ทœ์šฑ,์œ ์ค€ํ˜ธ,ํ™ฉ์ˆœ๋ฏผ,์–‘์—ฐํ˜ธ,์ž„ํ˜•์ค€. [๋‹จ๋…] ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž 92๋ช… ่ป๋ฉด์ œ ไปฃ๋ฌผ๋ฆผ…๊ตญ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์‚ฌ - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ œ. mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 12 May 2019.

^ Seo, Ji-eun "Steve Yoo isn’t coming back to Korea" Archived 6 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine Joongang Daily. 20 October 2011. retrieved 2011-11-08

^ (in Korean) "์ตœ์ง€์šฐ, '์Šนํ—Œ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ?"[permanent dead link] SSTV. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 2011-11-06

^ "Song Seung-heon, Jang Hyeok Discharged from Military" HanCinema. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ (in Korean) "Song Seung-heon discharged from the army"Yahoo News Korea, 2006-11-18. Archived 14 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine

^ "Rapper Gets Suspended Jail Term for Draft Dodging" Chosun Ilbo. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-14

^ "KBS, MBC release list of 36 banned entertainers" Dong-A Ilbo. 28 September 2011. 2011-10-14

^ Sunwoo, Carla (22 June 2012). "Actor Kim Moo-yul was poor enough to dodge military service". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, In-kyung (21 June 2012). "Kim Moo Yul Involved in Military Scandal after Avoiding Duties". enewsWorld. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ "High-Paid Actor Exempted from Draft for Poverty". The Chosun Ilbo. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Moon, Gwang-lip (25 June 2012). "Agent says Kim Moo-yul's family situation was 'nearly impossible'". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (10 July 2012). "Kim Moo-yul kicked off movie set". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 July 2012). "Choi Daniel to replace Kim Moo-yul". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

^ Lee, Hye-ji (5 October 2012). "Kim Moo-yeol to Enter Army, Cleaning out Exemption Rumors". 10Asia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

^ Sunwoo, Carla (11 October 2011). "Kim Moo-yul enlists after rumors". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.

External links Edit

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Conscription in the Republic of Korea.

South Korea's Military Service Act (in English)

Military Manpower Administration official website (in Korean)

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Date: May 31st, 2022 6:26 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

any posters living in Oslo, Copenhagen, or Stockholm now?

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#44601593)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:12 AM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146639)



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Date: May 29th, 2023 3:00 AM
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Any white guys on XOXO take my advice when I posted this thread?

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Date: July 20th, 2023 8:18 PM
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July 2023, no movement

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146643)



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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#46646495)



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(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#46646497)



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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146646)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146647)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2023 10:49 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

LOLLERCAUST@ all the fucktarded cumskins today pretending their loser mutt ancestors were "alpha" for leaving europe

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47039680)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2023 10:50 PM
Author: dark kink-friendly generalized bond menage

To be fair,

(40-year-old make-up wearing man who will never procreate and literally comes from East Asian's "Rape Colony")

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47039691)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2023 10:51 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

LOL@ fucktarded tbf not even denying cumskin inconsistency and harlem shaketardedness for claiming their ancestors were "alpha" for fleeing their homeland LOLLERCAUST

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47039701)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2023 10:57 PM
Author: dark kink-friendly generalized bond menage

To be fair,

Number of times Korea has ever invaded another country: 0 (source: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2021/11/739_286837.html)

Number of times Korea has been invaded: "Numerous," perhaps even number "in the hundreds" (source: https://gwangjunewsgic.com/arts-culture/korean-myths/behind-the-myth-the-many-invasions-of-korea/)

Oh, what a badass band of alpha males!

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47039724)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2023 11:03 PM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

LMAO@ harlem shaketarded tbf crying, losing hoap

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47039741)



Reply Favorite

Date: November 9th, 2023 11:07 PM
Author: dark kink-friendly generalized bond menage

To be fair,

"LOLLERCAUST u guys are such harlemshaketarded megagigafaggots," NYUUG's grandfather smirks as the Japanese soldiers bend him over and roughly pull down his soiled underwear. "BANG-A-RANG!"

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47039753)



Reply Favorite

Date: December 8th, 2023 5:11 AM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

By historical country

Ottoman EmpireRussian EmpireSoviet Union

By modern country

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Ireland

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146632)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:11 AM
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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146629)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146625)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:10 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146627)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 3:50 AM
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cumskin bump:

https://www.xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=5457009&forum_id=2

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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:12 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146636)



Reply Favorite

Date: December 8th, 2023 5:04 AM
Author: slippery wonderful kitchen puppy

LMAO@ the cumskin in that thread literally rehashing 20 year old NYUUG talking points:

http://www.xoxohth.com/thread.php?thread_id=5457009&mc=18&forum_id=2#47146607

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146609)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:09 AM
Author: exciting headpube international law enforcement agency

Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

Related concepts

Alternative civilian serviceCivil conscriptionConscientious objectorConscription crisisDraft evasionImpressmentMilitary serviceNational serviceWar resister

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146622)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:09 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146624)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:07 AM
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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146616)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146619)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:17 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

1780 caricature of a press gang

1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146676)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:18 AM
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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146677)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146678)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146681)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146682)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:20 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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1780 caricature of a press gang

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146684)



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Date: December 8th, 2023 5:20 AM
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Conscription in South Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

(http://www.autoadmit.com/thread.php?thread_id=3790415&forum_id=2#47146686)



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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Conscription

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Conscription in South Korea has existed since 1957 and requires male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 to perform compulsory military service.[1][2] Women are not required to perform military service, but they may voluntarily join the military.[3]

South Korean soldiers in training

Establishment

The basis for military conscription in South Korea is the Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which was promulgated on 17 July 1948. The constitution states in Article 39, "All citizens shall have the duty of national defense under the conditions as prescribed by Act."[4][5]

In addition, the conscription is defined and acted by the "Military Service Act" (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•).[6][7] According to the "Military Service Act" Article 3, "Every male the Republic of Korea shall faithfully perform mandatory military service, as prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and this Act. A female may perform only active service or reserve service through volunteering" and "Except as provided in this Act, no special case concerning mandatory military service shall be prescribed". Only males being drafted was confirmed by the Constitutional Court of Korea, which declared in 2006 that it is the right of government to decide whoever is subject of the conscription, and hence there is no constitutional error of government decisions.[8] Conscription is managed by the Military Manpower Administration, which was created in 1948.[9]

Enlistment and impairment-disability evaluation

By law, when a South Korean man turns 18 years old, he is enlisted for "first citizen service," meaning he is liable for military duty, but is not yet required to serve.[10][11] When he turns 19 years old (or, in some instances, 20 years old), he is required to undergo an Impairment & Disability evaluation to determine whether he is suitable for military service. The table below shows the evaluation's possible grades and their outcomes, according to the Military Service Act.[12] Men must enlist by the time they turn 28.[13]

Grade Description Outcome

1, 2, 3 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is healthy enough to perform actively in army." "To be enlisted for active duty service, supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

4 "Those whose physical and psychological constitution is not so healthy for active training but capable of doing supplemental service for civilians as replacements

(This is a common grade for people with minor disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for supplemental service or the second citizen service, based on their qualifications, such as educational background and age."

5 "Those incapable of entering active or supplemental service, but capable of entering the second citizen service

(This is a common grade for people with disabilities)."

"To be enlisted for the second citizen service."

6 "Those incapable of performing military service due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence

(This is a common grade for people with severe disabilities)."

"To be exempted from military service."

7 "Those unable to be graded...due to any disease or mental or physical incompetence." "To undergo a follow-up physical examination" within two years.

Term of South Korea military service

Areas Notation of military service relevant regulation Commonly used terms Meaning

English Korean English Korean

Conscription examination Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ง•๋ณ‘์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ Conscription Examination

Military Service Judgment Examination

Physical Examination(PE) ์ง•๋ณ‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์‹ ๊ฒ€)

Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ์œ„ Physical Grade ์‹ ์ฒด๋“ฑ๊ธ‰

Grade I

Grade II

Grade III

Grade IV

Grade V

Grade VI

Grade VII 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰ Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Grade 4

Grade 5

Grade 6

Grade 7 1๊ธ‰

2๊ธ‰

3๊ธ‰

4๊ธ‰

5๊ธ‰

6๊ธ‰

7๊ธ‰

- ๊ฐ‘์ข…

์ œ1์„์ข…

์ œ2์„์ข…

์ œ3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Grade A

Grade B-1

Grade B-2

Grade B-3

Grade C

Grade D

Grade E ๊ฐ‘์ข…

1์„์ข…

2์„์ข…

3์„์ข…

๋ณ‘์ข…

์ •์ข…

๋ฌด์ข… Physical grades names from Before 1984

- Disposition for military service

- Type of service Preliminary Military Service

First militia Service

First Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Preliminary Military Service

1st Citizen Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

์ œ1๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ Active ํ˜„์—ญ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Supplementary Service

Supplemental Service

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Wartime labor service

Second militia Service

Second Citizen Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

์ œ2๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—ญ Exemption from Military Service in Ordinary time

Exemption from Ordinary time ํ‰์‹œ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

ํ‰์‹œ๋ฉด์ œ

Exemption from Military service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ Exemption from All Military Service

All exemption ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ œ์  Exemption from All Military Service by Criminal record

All exemption from Criminal record ์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์—ญ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ

์ „๊ณผ๋กœ ์™„์ „๋ฉด์ œ In the case of being sentenced to more than 6 years in prison under the ROK Military service act, it was Removal from Military service registration.[14]

Disposition for subject to active duty, service, etc. Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ Active duty

Subject to Enlist

Subject to Conscription

Subject to Draft ํ˜„์—ญ๋Œ€์ƒ

ํ˜„์—ญ์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

์ง•๋ณ‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Subject to Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Disposition for subject to supplementary service callup, service, etc. Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Defense ๋ฐฉ์œ„์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Defense Call-up(Defense soldier call-up) is classified as a supplementary service from 1969 to 1994. It was in the form of commuting from home to Military unit(or Police station, Police box, Conscription part of Town office).

- ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘ Defense Soldier ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ณ‘

Called for Public Interest Service ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Public Service ๊ณต์ต๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Public interest service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ๊ณต์ต๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์› Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Certificate of Military Registration

Certificate of Military Registration data notation[15][16]

English Korean

Name Hong Gil-dong ํ™ ๊ธธ๋™

Kim Han-guk ๊น€ ํ•œ๊ตญ

Birth date 12 Mar. 1979 790312

28 Mar. 2001 2001. 3.28

Physical grade Grade I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7๊ธ‰

Draft Physical Examination Omitted ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ๋žต

Disposition for military service Preliminary Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ์ค€๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ

Enlisted in Active Service ํ˜„์—ญ๋ณ‘์ž…์˜๋Œ€์ƒ

Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Called for Full-Time Reserve Service ์ƒ๊ทผ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Supplementary Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Called for Social Service ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Alternative Service ๋Œ€์ฒด์—ญ

Called for alternative service ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›์†Œ์ง‘๋Œ€์ƒ

Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Subject to Follow-up Physical Examination ์žฌ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

Wartime Labor Service ์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ

Exemption from Military Service ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ (6๋…„์ด์ƒ์ˆ˜ํ˜•)

Reason of disposition An only son ๋…์ž

Wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

(Family member) wounded in action or injured in the line of duty (๊ฐ€์กฑ)์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Difficulties in Earning a Livelihood ์ƒ๊ณ„์œ ์ง€๊ณค๋ž€

Not Completing Middle School ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘ํ‡ด์ดํ•˜

Long-term Waiting ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ(์ด๋ฏผ)

Acquisition of the Permanent Residence Right ์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ทจ๋“

Loss of nationality ๊ตญ์ ์ƒ์‹ค

Thirty-one years of age or older 31์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Thirty-six years of age or older 36์„ธ์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for one year or longer 7๊ธ‰1๋…„์ด์ƒ

Remaining in Physical Grade VII for two year or longer 7๊ธ‰2๋…„์ด์ƒ

Naturalization ๊ท€ํ™”

Multiracial child ํ˜ผํ˜ˆ์•„

Serving a sentence ์ˆ˜ํ˜•

Child born out of wedlock ํ˜ผ์ธ์™ธ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž

Excluded from the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Immigrated from the North of the Military Demarcation Line ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ถ„๊ณ„์„  ์ด๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด์ฃผ

Boot camp Army Recruit Training Center ์œก๊ตฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์†Œ

OO Replacement Center OO ๋ณด์ถฉ๋Œ€

OO Division OO ์‚ฌ๋‹จ

Draft examination Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Studying Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Seafarer) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Residing Abroad) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (Emigration) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Draft Physical Examination (In Prison) ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌ๊ฐ)

Evasion of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlist of active Postponement of Conscription (Student) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Conscription (Studying Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Conscription (Residing Abroad) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Emigration) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Conscription (Training in Research Institute) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription (Outstanding Athlete) ์ž…์˜์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Conscription Date ์ž…์˜์ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Homecoming after Conscription ์ž…์˜ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

Subject to Notice of Re-Conscription ์žฌ์ž…์˜ํ†ต์ง€๋Œ€์ƒ

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •

Employed Abroad ๊ตญ์™ธ์ทจ์—…

Residing in an Unreclaimed Area ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ

Application for Military Service ๊ตฐ ์ง€์›

Evasion of Conscription ์ž…์˜๊ธฐํ”ผ

Missing ํ–‰๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ๋ช…

(Medical/Judicial/Religious) Officer/Cadet Officer (์˜๋ฌด/๋ฒ•๋ฌด/๊ตฐ์ข…)์žฅ๊ต/์‚ฌ๊ด€ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Basic Branch Officer ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ณ‘๊ณผ์žฅ๊ต

Noncommissioned Cadet Officer ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ด€ ํ›„๋ณด์ƒ

Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…

Removed from OO OO ์ œ์ 

Call of supplementary service, etc. Postponement of Call (Student) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์žฌํ•™์ƒ)

Postponement of Call (Studying Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์œ ํ•™)

Postponement of Call (Seafarer) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์„ ์›)

Postponement of Call (Residing Abroad) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Emigration) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ)

Postponement of Call (Training in Research Institute) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call (Outstanding Athlete) ์†Œ์ง‘์—ฐ๊ธฐ(์šฐ์ˆ˜์—ฐ์ˆ˜)

Postponement of Call Date ์†Œ์ง‘์ผ์ž์—ฐ๊ธฐ

Exemption from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๋ฉด์ œ

Evasion from Call ์†Œ์ง‘๊ธฐํ”ผ

Enlistment in OO (์‚ฐ์—…์š”์›๋“ฑ)ํŽธ์ž…

Cancellation of Enlistment in OO OO ํŽธ์ž…์ทจ์†Œ

Advance Service ์„ ๋ณต๋ฌด

Social Service Personnel ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

International Cooperation Service Personnel ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์š”์›

Art and Sports Personnel ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›

Expert Research Personnel ์ „๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์›

Industrial Technical Personnel ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์š”์›

International Cooperative Doctor ๊ตญ์ œํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜์‚ฌ

Public-Service Advocate ๊ณต์ต๋ฒ•๋ฌด๊ด€

Public Health Doctor ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜์‚ฌ

Doctor Exclusively in Charge of Draft Physical Examination ๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ •๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ „๋‹ด์˜์‚ฌ

Onboard Ship Reserve Service ์Šน์„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Alternative Service Personnel ๋Œ€์ฒด๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›

Others Ban on foreign travel (a person who has stayed in the country for one year or longer) ์ถœ๊ตญ๊ธˆ์ง€(1๋…„์ด์ƒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ฒด์žฌ)

Removal of the ban on foreign travel (others)

Jehovah's Witnesses ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ์ฆ์ธ

Departure before age 24 24์„ธ์ด์ „์ถœ๊ตญ

Period of Mandatory Service ์˜๋ฌด๋ณต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Exclusion from the Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ์ œ์™ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„

Short-term overseas travel ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–‰

Illegal stay in a foreign country ๊ตญ์™ธ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ฒด์žฌ

Violation of duty to obtain permission for overseas travel ๊ตญ์™ธ์—ฌํ–‰ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜

Forces Army ์œก๊ตฐ

Navy ํ•ด๊ตฐ

Air Force ๊ณต๊ตฐ

Marine, Subordinate to ROK Navy ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€

Expiration date Indefinite ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ

6 Months 6์›”

Type of service Reserve Service ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ญ

Recruit Service ๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ

Exemption from the Service ๋ฉด์—ญ

Retirement from the Service ํ‡ด์—ญ

Removal from Military Register ๋ณ‘์ ์ œ์ 

Discharge Discharge from Military Service ์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service by Application ์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Forced Discharge from Military Service ์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ „์—ญ

Home on Leave from Military Service ๊ท€ํœด์ „์—ญ

Discharge from Military Service as Woman ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์ „์—ญ

Completion of Service ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ

Completion of Service(Release from Call) ๋ณต๋ฌด๋งŒ๋ฃŒ(์†Œ์ง‘ํ•ด์ œ)

Completion of Military Service ๋งŒ๊ธฐ

Age Limit ์—ฐ๋ น์ •๋…„

Disease ์˜๋ณ‘

Domestic Reason ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ •(์˜๊ฐ€์‚ฌ)

Difficulties in Maintaining Household ์ƒ๊ณ„๊ณค๋ž€

An only son ๋…์ž

wounded in action or injured in the line of duty ์ „·๊ณต์ƒ

Emigration ๊ตญ์™ธ์ด์ฃผ

Disqualification ์‹ ๋ถ„์ƒ์‹ค

Exclusion to the Public ์ œ์™ธ

Secession from Military Service ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด์ดํƒˆ(์‚ญ์ œ)

Removal from the Army Register ๊ตฐ ์ œ์ 

Self-Surrender ์ž์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ณ 

National Land Construction Corps ๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ

Volunteer Soldier as a Student ํ•™๋„์˜์šฉ๊ตฐ

Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•

Enforcement Decree of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ•์‹œํ–‰๋ น

Detailed Enforcement Regulation of Military Service Act ๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰๊ทœ์น™

Combatant police, etc. Combatant Police Officer ์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Auxiliary Police Officer ์˜๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Obligatory Fireman ์˜๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฐฉ

Coast Guart ํ•ด์–‘๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ

Correctional Guard ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ต๋„

Military service age

The age standard is from January 1 to December 31 of the year of age.

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service

โ– : Age group of Mandatory Military service in Wartime

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service Note

17 or younger Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration(Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment possible.

- Assignment the Preliminary Military Service.

- Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.Note 1

1.Age group subject to Civil Defense Corps under the Framework Act on Civil Defense from the age of 20[17]

2.Subject to a return order from the chief of staff of each military if he desertied while serving on the basis of active duty soldiers.

3.Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers in the Age group of Exemption from Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc.(38 to 40 years old, 38 to 45 years old in Wartime) can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a wartime basis.[18]

19 to 35 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up(Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination.(Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service(Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

36 to 37 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime(Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2 Reserve soldiers and Completed their service Supplementary soldiers can be assigned to the Reserve Force according to the Reserve Forces Act on a Wartime basis.

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2 Expanded 50 years of age for the Wartime Civil Defense Corps

Note 1: Some disabled person (mild disabled person). If the disability status of a disabled person changes at the age of 19, or if a reason for the return of the disabled registration card occurs, a Conscription Examination shall be performed.

Note 2:

Republic of Korea Armed Forces soldier (Byeong) ranks

English Korean

Army Navy Air Force Marine Corps

Sergeant Petty Officer Second Class Staff Sergeant Sergeant ๋ณ‘์žฅ

Corporal Petty Officer Third Class Senior Airman Corporal ์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private First Class Seaman Airman First Class Lance Corporal ์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Private Second Class Seaman Apprentice Airman Private Second Class ์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘

Note 3: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank from Military Personnel Management Act.[19]

History of military service age

1971 to 1984

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger - None. -

18 to 19 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

20 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)Note 1

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote 2

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote 2

Note 1: According to Article 7 of the Military Service Act Addenda in 1971, Military Service Act Violators(Conscription examination or Enlist refusers/dodgers) as of the enforcement year(1971) are obligated to Conscription examination and enlist.[20]

Note 2: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1984 to 1993

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. No, But Possible the Voluntary enlist.

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime not enlisted from 1st Citizen Service

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.Those who are not Active (Serving), Reserve, or Supplementary Service are the 1st Citizen service.

3.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to Reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, All Military Service Obligators (Including those Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc.) are no Conscription examination, Enlist, Supplementary Service Call-up (Exemption from Call)

2.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty. 1.Same as above.

2.The 1st Citizen service that has not been Conscription examination and those Subject to Active Enlist (Subject to draft) who have not been notified of Active draft are transferred to Supplementary service.

36 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examantion and Enlist.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, 2nd Citizen Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

1994 to 2010

Age Mandatory military service Duty of conscription examination and enlist, etc. Type of service

17 or younger a 17-year-old person (17-year-old male) must report the incorporation of the 1st Citizen service to the Town mayor or Village Chief. (Before February 5, 1999)

Military Manpower Administration takes over the Identity registration data of persons (17-year-old male) who are enrollment to Military Service Registration (Assignment the Preliminary Military Service) in the following year from the Ministry of the Interior, and transmits them to the Local Military Manpower Office. (After February 5, 1999)

18 Subject for Mandatory Military service of Peacetime No, but voluntary enlistment is possible. Assignment the 1st Citizen Service.

Persons with disabilities registered under the Disabled registration system is Wartime Labor Service or Exemption from Military Service.

19 to 30 All Military service obligators are obligated to Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up (Passed person from Conscription examination. Active duty is Enlist, Supplementary Service is Call-up) 1.According to the results of the Conscription examination. (Military Disposition. Active duty, Supplementary service, Wartime labor service or Exempted from Military service)

2.When the Mandatory service (Active service) period is completed, they are transferred to reserve service.

31 to 35 1.In the peacetime, General Military service obligators are no Conscription examination and Enlist/Call-up

2.In the peacetime, Military Service Act Violators, Oversea stayer, etc. are obligated to Conscription examination. When disposed of as a Supplementary service, there is an Obligation to convene Public service.

3.In the wartime, All Military service obligators are obligated to enlist as conscription examination and active duty.

1.Same as above.

2.Military Service Act Violators, Overseas stayer, etc. are Subject to Supplementary service, Wartime Labor Service or Exempted from Military service according to the results of the Conscription examination.

38 to 40 In any case, No duty of Conscription Examination and Enlist. Same as above.

41 to 45 1.End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime (Soldier ranks)

2.Extension of Mandatory Military service from Wartime Exemption from Service for Active Soldiers, Reserve Soldiers, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in PeacetimeNote

46 or older End of Mandatory Military service from Peacetime and Wartime. Exemption from Service for Active, Reserve, Supplementary Soldiers, Wartime Labor Service in Peacetime and WartimeNote

Note: Retirement of Officers, Warrant officers, and Noncommissioned officers when they reach retirement age of rank.

Determination criteria of physical grades

There are seven physical grades. Grade name is I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII. Before 1984 grades name is A, B (respectively B-I, B-II, B-III), C, D and E

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

Grade A ๊ฐ‘์ข… Grade I 1๊ธ‰

Grade B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… Grade II 2๊ธ‰

Grade B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… Grade III 3๊ธ‰

Grade B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… Grade IV 4๊ธ‰

Grade C ๋ณ‘์ข… Grade V 5๊ธ‰

Grade D ์ •์ข… Grade VI 6๊ธ‰

Grade E ๋ฌด์ข… Grade VII 7๊ธ‰

I, II, III and IV is Accepted, and grades V, VI and VII is Rejected.

The criteria for determining the physical grade shall be in accordance with Attached form 2 and 3 of the "Rules for examination of Conscription Physical Examination, etc.(๋ณ‘์—ญํŒ์ • ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ทœ์น™ [ko])" Attached form 2 sets the criteria for determining height and weight. Attached form 3 is the evaluation criteria for diseases and mental and physical disabilities, which vary from year to year.

In the following criteria, diseases and mental and physical disabilities are described mainly as representative or known.

Physical grades Accepted or Rejected Standards[21] Type of military service[22]

I Accepted Physical and Psychological constitution is healthy, and can serve in active duty or supplementary service.

Active duty, Supplementary service, and Wartime labor service based on Qualifications (Educational background, Age, etc.)

2

3

4

5 Rejected Those incapable of entering active or supplementary service, but capable of entering the wartime labor service Wartime labor service

6 Those incapable of performing military service due to disease or mental or physical disorder Exempted from Military service

7 In the case where grades I, II, III, IV, V, VI cannot be received due to Disease or Mental and Physical disability Subject to Rephysical examination

Physical grade Height (centimeters), weight (BMI) Disease or disabled

I

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI20.0๏ฝž24.9

A completely healthy person without illness or physical disability

Those in good condition after treatment of acute infectious diseases

II

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI18.5๏ฝž19.9ใƒปBMI25.0๏ฝž29.9

Allergic rhinitis

III

Height 159๏ฝž160 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž34.9

Height 161๏ฝž203.9 cm๏ผšBMI16.0๏ฝž18.4, BMI30.0๏ฝž34.9

Hepatitis B carrier

Conservative treated or Operated PneumothoraxNote 1

Mental disease

Minior, Mild Depression

Minior, Mild Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Several Developmental Disability (ADHD, Learning Disability)

IV

Height 146๏ฝž158 cm

Height 159๏ฝž203.9 cm: Below BMI16.0 and BMI35.0 or Over

Height 204 cm or Over

Case of endoscopic surgery with either Early gastric cancer, Early colorectal cancer, or Carcinoid

Prodrome of Skin malignant tumor(Giant acromegaly condyloma, Bowen disease), Basal cell carcinoma

Mental disease

Borderline intellectual functioning

Mild Autism Spectrum Disorder (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

V

Height 140.1๏ฝž145 cm

Mental disease

Schizophrenia

Gender dysphoria

Mild Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability (High-functioning Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD-NOS without Intellectual Disability)

VI

Height 140 cm or Below

Malignant tumor (Cancer)

Metastasized skin cancer

Bone cancer

HIV carrier

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Mental disease

Schizophrenia with Personality devastated

Moderate, Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder with Intellectual Disability (Low-functioning autism, Childhood disintegrative disorder)

VII

Note 1: Surgery due to pneumothorax is Grade V in 1992.

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade

According to Article 14 of the Military Service Act, grades I to IV are based on qualifications (education, age, etc.) and are subject to active service, supplementary, wartime workers, Grade V exemptions, Grade VI exemptions, and Grade VII medical examinations. The criteria for disposing of active duty or supplementary officers in grades I to IV are determined by the Military Manpower Administration's announcement (annual announcement of conscription inspection). According to the announcement, the criteria for military service are as follows.

โ– : Active duty (ํ˜„์—ญ, Subject to Enlist for Active duty. Subject to Draft)

โ– : Supplementary service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

โ– ๏ผšWartime labor service (์ „์‹œ๊ทผ๋กœ์—ญ)[23]

โ– : Exempted from Military service (๋ณ‘์—ญ๋ฉด์ œ)

โ– : Subject to Physical Reexamination (์žฌ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ)

Disposition for military service by educational background and physical grade (after 2021)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

Regardless Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

History of disposition for military service

1950s to 1969

Before the 1970s, the criteria for disposition of active duty and supplementary military service cannot be confirmed due to lack of data at the time.[24]

in 1950 to 1955

1950: It was the first year in the Republic of Korea that the Conscription was implemented. At that year, due to the limitation of 100,000 troops by the Korean military, the conscription system and Conscription Examination were suspended. However, in June of the same year, when the Korean War broke out, there was an unofficial conscription.

1952: As the Conscription system was Implemented again, Conscription Examination began again.

Educational

background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1956

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1957

The supplementary military service was abolished by the enforcement of the revised Military Service Act from August 1957.[25]

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted

(Active duty, 1st Supplementary military service, 2nd Supplementary military service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1958 to 1960

On February 24, 1958, there were Re-examination measures after canceling the judgment on 45,000 Grade C judges in the 1950 to 1957 Conscription examination.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1961

There was a physical examination of public officials who were judged to be Grade C.

In 1961, there was a physical examination of 128,422 embroidered persons who reported between June 21 and June 30, which was set as the period for reporting embroidery of those who failed to serve in the military.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1962

Those born on or after January 1, 1930, who have been punished for active service under the Military Service Act enacted before October 1, 1962, and who have not joined the army, will be transferred to the 1st supplementary role and will be supplemented. (Except for those who joined the National Land Construction Team(๊ตญํ† ๊ฑด์„ค๋‹จ [ko]) in 1961.)

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III B-IV B-V C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty)

(After Oct, 1st 1962, Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

1963 to 1969

Among those who were examined for conscription in 1962, those who were judged to be Grade B4 and B5 were transferred to Grade C and converted to 2nd Citizen service.

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

Regardless Accepted (Active duty, 1st Supplementary service, 2nd Supplementary service) 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

After 1970s

1970

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1971

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1972

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less Active duty Supplementary service

1973

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1974 to 1976

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

Grade B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated or more, High school Dropout or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated or more, Middle school Dropout or less

Grade A: Active duty

Grade B-I, B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Graduated

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Elementary school Graduated

Elementary school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1977 to 1979

College attending or more

Grade A, B-I, B-II, B-III: Active duty

High school Graduated or less

Grade A, B-I: Active duty

Grade B-II, B-III: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less: 2nd Citizen service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1980 to 1983

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade A, B-I, B-II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-III: Supplementary service

High school Graduated or less

ใ€€Grade A: Active duty

ใ€€Grade B-I, II, III: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

A B-I B-II B-III C D E

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1984

In 1984, Change of Physical Grade Name.

Before 1984 After 1984

Name Korean Name Korean

A ๊ฐ‘์ข… I 1๊ธ‰

B-I ์ œ1์„์ข… II 2๊ธ‰

B-II ์ œ2์„์ข… III 3๊ธ‰

B-III ์ œ3์„์ข… IV 4๊ธ‰

C ๋ณ‘์ข… V 5๊ธ‰

D ์ •์ข… VI 6๊ธ‰

E ๋ฌด์ข… VII 7๊ธ‰

College attending or more

ใ€€Grade I, II, III: Active duty

ใ€€Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Graduated

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1985

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1986

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1987

High school Graduated or more

ใ€€Grade I, II: Active duty

ใ€€Grade III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less

ใ€€Grade I: Active duty

ใ€€Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1988 to 1991

1988: Skipped Conscription Examination of Elementary school Graduated or less

1989: Those aged 25 or older among those graduating from High school will be converted to Supplementary service.

June 1, 1991: High school graduates who are 162 centimeters or less, high school graduates and those who are above university students, and who are Grade II (and III, IV) due to myopia of ophthalmology, will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1990)

November 15, 1991: Those who graduated from high school and a Physical grade II will be converted to Supplementary service. (A person who was Conscription examined from 1991)

January 1, 1992: Middle school Dropout or less is Supplementary service. (Exemption from Call of Bangwi)

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1992

Middle school Graduated or more, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty. But, on October 30 of the same year, it was changed as follows:

High school Graduated or more, Physical grade III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

High school Dropout or less, Physical grade I, II, III, IV: converted to Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1993

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout and Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1994

High school Graduated or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

High school Dropout

Grade I: Active duty

Grade II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated with Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Active duty Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1995 to 1996

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Those who graduated from middle school and a Physical grade I, II, III, IV will be converted to Supplementary service from 1996

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1997

High school Dropout or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout with Physical grade III: converted to Supplementary service from June 2, 1997

High school Dropout with Physical grade II: converted to Supplementary service from January 1, 1998

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

1998 to 2003

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated, High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

1999 to 2011

Skipped Conscription Examination with Transferred the 2nd Citizen service of Middle school Dropout or less in 1999 to 2011

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout Supplementary service

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2004

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2005

College attending or more with Grade I, II, III, IV: Active duty

Middle school Graduated and High school Dropout

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated Active duty Supplementary service

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2006 to 2011

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less 2nd Citizen service

2012 to 1st half of 2015

Middle school Graduated or more

Grade I, II, III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

Middle school Dropout or less with Physical Grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service 2nd Citizen service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout

Middle school Graduated

Middle school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(in Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2014(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2014-2)

2nd half of 2015 to 2020

High school Graduated or more

Grade I, II and III: Active duty

Grade IV: Supplementary service

High school Dropout of less with Physical grade I, II, III, IV: Supplementary service

Educational background Physical grade

I II III IV V VI VII

College attending or more Active duty Supplementary service Wartime Labor Service Exempted from Military service Subject to Physical reexamination

High school Graduated

High school Dropout or less Supplementary service

External links

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2016(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2016-3)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2017(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2017-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2018(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2018-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2019(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2019-1)

(Korean) Public Notice of Draft examination in 2020(Military Manpower Administration Public Notice No. 2020-1)

Service types and length

Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4: those are suitable for military service (ํ˜„์—ญ)

The length of compulsory military service in South Korea varies based on military branch.[26] Active duty soldiers serve 1 year 6 months in the Army or Marine Corps, 1 year 8 months in the Navy, or 1 year 9 months in the Air Force.[27] After conscripts finish their military service, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster and are obligated to attend 3 days of annual military training for 6 years[citation needed] (5 years from 2021).

Non-active duty personnel, or "supplemental service" personnel serve for various lengths: 1 year 9 months for social work personnel (better known as public service workers - personnel ordered to do public service work at places that require auxiliary workers such as local community centers like city halls, government agencies, and public facilities like subway stations);[28] 2 years 10 months for arts and sports personnel or industrial technical personnel; and 3 years for public health doctors, lawyers, veterinarians, or expert researchers.[29]

In 2010, there was growing public pressure to either shorten the length of conscription or to switch to voluntary military service, and calls from experts for a gradual phasing out of conscription rather than complete abolition.[30] However, in December 2010, after taking into consideration of the 2010 ROKS Cheonan sinking and Bombardment of Yeonpyeong incidents, the South Korean government said it would not reduce service periods.[31]

Grade 4: those are unsuitable for military service (๋ณด์ถฉ์—ญ)

Art and sports personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์›)

Artists and players who have won government accredited competitions are allowed to work as 'Art and Sports Personnel (์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ฒด์œก์š”์› [ko])'. After a month of military training, Art and Sports Service agents work through their specialties to finish their military services; e.g. in professional sports teams, art galleries, museums or orchestra bands. Unlike other service agents who are working at factories, farms, universities, institutes or nursing homes, Art and Sports Service agents are allowed to work abroad.[citation needed]

Former president Park Chung-hee introduced exemptions for athletes in 1973 in an effort to win more medals for the country; some historians believe this also served as a distraction against the government's unpopularity.[32] After winning a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, wrestler Yang Jung-mo was granted the first exemption. In the 1980s, president Chun Doo-hwan promised exemptions to any athlete who won a medal of any kind at either the 1986 Asian Games or the 1988 Summer Olympics.[32]

When South Korea co-hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2002, their national football team was guaranteed an exemption if they reached the round of 16; the same promise was made to the national baseball team in 2006 if the team reached semifinals in the World Baseball Classic. Public outrage ensued, and similar exemptions have been rarely granted since.[32]

Current conscription regulations stipulate that athletes who win medals in the Olympic Games or gold medals in the Asian Games are granted exemptions from military service and are placed in Grade 4.[33] They are required to do four weeks of basic military training and engage in sports field for 42 months. After that, they are automatically placed on the reserve roster, and are obligated to attend a few days of annual military training for six years. In practice, after athletes finish their four weeks of basic military training, they are able to continue their own sports career during the 34 months of duty.[34]

The policy has resulted in coaches being accused of selecting players desperate to avoid military service instead of choosing the best athletes. Parents encourage their children to pursue sports in hopes of them receiving an exemption.[32]

Notable athletes who have been granted exemptions from military service are the bronze medal-winning men's football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[35][36] 2008 Olympic gold medalist badminton player Lee Yong-dae,[37] swimmer Park Tae-hwan,[38][39] 2014 Asian Games gold medalist tennis player Chung Hyeon,[40] 2018 Asian Games gold medalist footballer Son Heung-min, and 2018 Asian Games gold medalist baseball player Lee Jung-hoo.

Esports players were not exempt from conscription until 2023, when esports became a regular event at the 2022 Asian Games.[41][failed verification] Because esports had become a medal event in these games, it became possible for players to be exempt from conscription, so long as they won a gold medal in the games. The gold medal-winning roster of the country's national esports team became the first players to be granted the exemption.[42]

A total of 220 exemptions were granted from 2008 to 2018.[32]

Exemptions are also granted to classical musicians and ballet performers who win first place in stipulated international-level competitions. A two-year extension for notable K-pop artists (from a law that was passed in December 2020) could also be given by government for their career, the age for joining military is 30 (which previously was 28). Some resources and media outlets claim that the primary reason for this amendment was singer-songwriter Jin, who, at the time, was about to turn 28.[43][44] As his group BTS has had a huge impact (especially in the music industry) worldwide and contributed greatly to the spread of Korean culture and the Hallyu Wave, exemptions for them were in talks for a few years.[45][46] Despite this, BTS' record label, Big Hit Music, announced on October 17, 2022, that Jin withdrew his enlistment deferral request and will be the first in the group to enter into mandatory military service, with other members of BTS to be enlisted on a later date.[47]

Conscientious objection

The right to conscientious objection was not recognized in South Korea until recently. Over 400 men were typically imprisoned at any given time for refusing military service for political or religious reasons in the years before right to conscientious objection was established.[48]

On 28 June 2018, the South Korean Constitutional Court ruled the Military Service Act unconstitutional and ordered the government to accommodate civilian forms of military service for conscientious objectors.[49] Later that year on 1 November 2018, the South Korean Supreme Court legalized conscientious objection as a basis for rejecting compulsory military service.[50]

Salary and benefits

Salary per month in 2017[51]

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ163,000

โ‚ฉ176,400

โ‚ฉ195,500

โ‚ฉ216,000

Salary per month in 2018

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2019

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ306,100

โ‚ฉ331,300

โ‚ฉ366,200

โ‚ฉ405,700

Salary per month in 2020

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ408,100

โ‚ฉ441,700

โ‚ฉ488,200

โ‚ฉ540,900

Salary per month in 2021

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ459,100

โ‚ฉ496,900

โ‚ฉ549,200

โ‚ฉ608,500

Salary per month in 2022

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ510,100

โ‚ฉ552,100

โ‚ฉ610,200

โ‚ฉ676,100

Salary per month in 2023

Private (์ด๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Private first class (์ผ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Corporal (์ƒ๋“ฑ๋ณ‘) Sergeant (๋ณ‘์žฅ)

โ‚ฉ600,000

โ‚ฉ680,000

โ‚ฉ800,000

โ‚ฉ1,000,000

Equipment

The Ministry of National Defense has revealed that it failed to provide sneakers to 7,411 recruits who joined the military from 22 May to 4 June 2012, after the budget was insufficient for need. The Defense ministry originally projected the cost of each pair of sneakers to be 11,000 KRW. However, the actual cost turned out to be 15,000 KRW.[52]

The office of National Assembly member Kim Kwang-jin of Democratic United Party revealed that cadets in Korea Military Academy were provided with sneakers worth 60,000 KRW and tennis shoes. Cadets in Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon were provided with sneakers worth 64,250 KRW, in addition to running shoes and soccer shoes.[53]

Dual citizens

For dual citizens, or those with multiple citizenships, male South Koreans must choose their citizenship by the time they turn 18, before 31 March of that year. If these males choose to revoke their South Korean citizenship, they will not be required to complete their mandatory military service. However, if they fail to choose their citizenship by their 18th year, they will be subjected to fulfill their mandatory military service[54] and, for those who wish to maintain their multiple citizenships, an oath not to exert foreign nationality within two years since finishing their military service.[55] If males choose to renounce their citizenship by their 18th year, they are ineligible to gain a South Korean work visa (F series) until after they turn 40 years of age. It may still be possible to gain an E series visa.

There have been cases of Koreans abroad (e.g. Korean Americans) being forced to serve in the military, as they were unaware they were actually citizens of South Korea. This happens when these people visit South Korea. One cause of this is the inadvertent inclusion on the family register.[56]

Racial minorities

In 2011, the government dropped race-based requirements for mix-raced Korean nationals conscripted into the armed forces.[57] However, there currently is no law allowing non-ethnic Korean citizens conscription into the armed forces. All naturalized citizens and citizens not of partial Korean ethnicity have a choice of whether to enlist or not.

Controversies

Violation of Forced Labour Convention

The Forced Labour Convention explicitly excludes "any work or service exacted in virtue of compulsory military service laws for work of a purely military character" from its scope.[58] However, ILO defines conscription of non-military purpose as forced labour.[59]

According to ILO, South Korean conscription violates the forced labour convention, because South Korea enrolls men with disabilities for non-military purposes. A majority (+90%) of the "Reserve - class 4 -" group work as "social service agents (์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๋ฌด์š”์›)", and earn far less than the minimum legal wage at various fields, including government offices, subway stations, tax offices, post offices, and sanitaria.[58]

In April 2021, South Korea ratified the Forced Labour Convention, but conscription remained in place. South Korea changed its conscription law by providing "right to decide to be enrolled" to "reserve - class 4 -. those with minor disabilities". South Korea claims that this change makes the conscription legitimate because "reserve - class 4" now have the right to decide their methods of conscription between soldiers with active duty and "social service agents".[58] However, ILO continues to argue that enforcing "reserve - class 4-" to work as a "social service agent" is a violation of the Forced Labour Convention.[58]

Hazing

Main article: Hazing in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces

Lowering standards of acceptance

In recent years, the South Korean government is preparing a policy to lower conscription standards for mental and physical conditions that would previously be considered exempt, as it fears that the nation's low birthrate will lead to fewer conscripts. In 2021, South Korea had the lowest fertility rate in the world, a title also bestowed on the country the previous year.[60] However, experts warn that such actions will lead to wider problems already present in the military, by recruiting personnel who would not be able to adapt to the closed military.[61]

Draft evasion

In general, the South Korean public tends to be intolerant towards men who attempt to evade mandatory military service or receive special treatment, especially if they are exploiting family wealth or political connections. Draft evasion is a punishable crime, but many entertainers, athletes, politicians and their children are known to have fabricated medical or other reasons to seek exemption from military service.[62][63] According to a 2017 report by the Military Manpower Administration, the most common evasion tactic was extreme weight loss or gain (37%), followed by fabrication of mental illness (23.7%), and deliberate full-body tattoos (20.3%).[64] Studying abroad or migrating overseas to obtain foreign citizenship are considered the preferred option for sons in wealthy families, while nearly a hundred high-ranking politicians including sitting members of the National Assembly have managed to arrange unexplained exemptions for their sons.[65] These cases of draft evasion are to be distinguished from conscientious objection on political or religious grounds.

Yoo Seung-jun (Steve Yoo)

In 2002, just before South Korean pop singer Yoo Seung-jun was due to be drafted for his military service, he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was born in Seoul and migrated to the United States at the age of 13. The South Korean government considered it an act of desertion and deported him, banning him from entering the country permanently.[66] In February 2017, Yoo lost his second and final appeal regarding his entry ban which prohibited him from entry and any further appeals.[67] However, citing procedural irregularities, the South Korean Supreme Court re-opened the case in July 2019 and sent the case to the Seoul High Court, ordering them to retry Yoo's case.[68] In November 2019, the appeals court reversed the ban, paving the way for Yoo to return to the country, pending approval of a visa.[69] One of Yoo's visa requests was denied in July 2020 by the Los Angeles Consulate, citing Korean law that allows discretion in denying visas to applicants that "posed a threat to public interest."[70]

See also

flag South Korea portal

Forced Labour Convention

Supplementary service in South Korea

Social service agent

Conscription in North Korea

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Date: February 12th, 2024 9:33 PM
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Date: February 18th, 2024 7:36 PM
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