As a student of color, I find the legal action being brought by Jian Li, Yale '10 extremely disquieting. In an era when affirmative action and campus diversity are still hot-button issues, Li had the nerve to use this controversial platform to explain why he was not admitted to Princeton. Rather than treat this rejection as a personal matter, Li is alleging an anti-Asian bias in Princeton's admission practices, citing unequal affirmative action policies and his own personal achievements as proof of discrimination.
It would appear that Li takes exception with the points given or taken away from other minority groups in this country with regard to the SAT. According to the research, some students get more points added to their scores while others have points deducted depending on what racial demographic they are a part of. What he fails to realize is that race and socioeconomic are closely joined in this country. That is to say, just because an individual is a person of color does not mean that they have the exact same advantages and disadvantages as an individual of color who is of a different racial background. To assume that the circumstances of every person of color in this country are identical and should thus be quantified similarly when considering SAT scores is naive.
Li went into depth about his high school accomplishments, both scholastic and otherwise, and uses that success as an indication of failure on the part of Princeton. I find this argument ludicrous for several reasons. Universities, imperfect as they can be, at least attempt to create an environment of thinkers from different walks of life. In doing so, their mission is to pick the best of particular groups and categories. Whether we like it or not, the reality of the situation is that applicants are judged against whatever group or groups in which they fall. Li believes his non-admission was based on his heritage. That is not the case. He was measured up against other well-qualified Asian-Americans and Princeton made its decision with regard to that particular pool of qualified applicants. To assume that this rejection occurred because he was Asian or to even think the same did not happen to other perfectly qualified students of a similar background is ridiculous.
It appears that Li's argument is as follows: As an Asian-American who is extremely intelligent and involved in things outside the classroom, the only explanation for his not being admitted is discrimination. Li here fails to realize or show regard for several pertinent factors. First, it appears that he is not aware that a staggering majority of the students at elite universities in this country were also extremely gifted and involved students in high school. In that way, he is not unique. Second, and much more important, his argument and suit do not address the tangible numbers in the situation concerning Asian-American students in higher education.
According to the 2005 census, Asian-Americans made up 4.3 percent of the population compared to 74.7 percent for whites (which included Hispanics that identified as white), 12.1 percent for African-Americans and 0.8 percent for Native Americans. According to Princeton's admissions website, the 2006-07 undergraduate enrollment demographically broke down as such: 64 percent white Americans and 28 percent American minorities, which includes African-American, Asian-American, Latino and Native American students. Of those 28 percentage points, roughly 13 represent students of Asian-American descent. Considered in the context of national demographics, Asian-Americans are overrepresented at the University. How does one explain Li's allegations?
Li does not take exception with the representation of Asian-Americans at Princeton. Rather, he finds it unacceptable that he is not party to that representation. How would he explain the Asian-American presence at Princeton? Did these students merely get lucky? Yes and no. Yes, because all students, regardless of color, race, creed or sexual orientation, are at the mercy of admission board criteria. Some make the cut and some do not. No, because the students who were admitted, Asian-American and otherwise, had whatever it was the admissions board was looking for. Because he did not, he dares to allege discrimination?
Since he cannot comprehend the subjectivity that factors into college admission, Li had the gall to unnecessarily racialize a personal defeat. Therein lies the absurdity and disrespect. To conflate his circumstance and argument with the real struggles that those before him, Asian-American and otherwise, suffered is reprehensible, and he should be ashamed of himself.
Jonathan T.M. Pitts-Wiley is a member of the Class of 2008 at Yale and a columnist for The Yale Daily News. He may be reached at jonathan.pitts-wiley@yale.edu.
Date: November 20th, 2006 4:02 PM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
Check the Hilel site for Jewish Life on Campus, for their figures which are underestimates, because many Jews do not admit to being Jews in the Ivies, therefore the Hilel's survey is an undercount.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:44 PM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
No double counting. Estimate by Hilel is that the Jews are 25% to 30% of the ENTIRE Enrollment of the Ivies, and Hilel considers this estimate an UNDERESTIMATE, because many Jews do not readily admit that they are Jewish, even by Hilel's survey.
Date: November 21st, 2006 6:05 AM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
The Chinese control China and are making inroads into developing countries such as Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and, of course, into all of Asia, which are a big part of the world today. Jews, control Isreal, but not the "world". They do have undue influences on American policies from a large representation in the national media, politics and of course money management. This is out of proportion to their 2% of the American population.
The use of height and outward physical appearance of the applicant as factors in admissions is RACIST and SEXIST, but the adcoms of the Ivies still use them via hidden bullshit "soft factors" favoring rich affluent whites, who could not meet the high objective standards for admissions, resulting in "AA for rich whites".
Date: November 20th, 2006 4:02 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
what a bureaucratic, cheese-paring mentality you have. You're best off entering the Civil Service, where advancement is governed by performance on competitive exams, instead of by performance.
Date: November 20th, 2006 7:36 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
the law school truism is "the "A" students go on to be professors, the "B" students go on to be judges and the "C" students go on to make all the money!"
"To assume that the circumstances of every person of color in this country are identical and should thus be quantified similarly when considering SAT scores is naive."
Almost as naive as assuming that blacks are necessarily poor and disavantaged.
"Whether we like it or not, the reality of the situation is that applicants are judged against whatever group or groups in which they fall."
In other words, the schools have different standards for different races, which is clearly racial discrimination.
If we don't like this (and we presumably don't), then we can oppose it instead of tolerating it, just as the Civil Rights Movement opposed similar discrimination in the 50's.
I've never heard such naked agitation for racial discrimination simply because it benefitted one's own group. Where is the shame?
Date: November 20th, 2006 3:53 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
dude, colleges prize diversity. if you want to go to yale, you're better off being the one smart kid from north dakota or new mexico, than one of hundreds of indistinguishable smart kids from Livingston Twp hs in nj. this has nothing to do with race.
And yet, schools state that they discriminate on the basis of race to ensure that "diversity", which is really nothing more than a misguided attempt at proportional represenation, regardless of ability.
Date: November 20th, 2006 1:12 PM Author: Bright swashbuckling party of the first part
"According to the 2005 census, Asian-Americans made up 4.3 percent of the population compared to 74.7 percent for whites (which included Hispanics that identified as white), 12.1 percent for African-Americans and 0.8 percent for Native Americans. According to Princeton's admissions website, the 2006-07 undergraduate enrollment demographically broke down as such: 64 percent white Americans and 28 percent American minorities, which includes African-American, Asian-American, Latino and Native American students. Of those 28 percentage points, roughly 13 represent students of Asian-American descent. Considered in the context of national demographics, Asian-Americans are overrepresented at the University. How does one explain Li's allegations?"
they are smarter than other groups and work harder. all studies show a merit system would increase thie representation even more so stfu
Date: November 20th, 2006 3:56 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
asian racist.
why would asians be smarter than other ppl? clearly whites pwn3d asians for hundreds of years, and all asian countries still qualify as underdeveloped.
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:19 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
asians get smarter just by crossing the us border? japanese and koreans aren't the ones bitching and moaning.
japanese aren't much of a force bc they haven't immigrated in any numbers since before 1925. I'll concede your point on korea, although they were pretty backwards during the half-century they were a japanese colony; their success is relatively recent (they made a few false starts by focusing their efforts on obsolescent industries like shipbuilding and steel).
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:33 PM Author: Translucent French Hell Candlestick Maker
what was your point of that post anyway? that whites > asians in terms of intelligence? africa is a fucking TTT, as are the caribbean countries, does that mean blacks < others in terms of intelligence?
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:27 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
I don't believe intelligence is a race-linked trait.
If asians were smarter than whites, asians would be smart enough not to be pwn3d by whites. But asians were pwn3d by whites for a century, thus asians are not smarter than whites.
Date: November 20th, 2006 3:41 PM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
From Daniel Golden's The Price of Admission, chapter 7, "The New Jews, Asian Americans Need Not Apply":
Quote:
In 1990, federal investigators concluded that UCLA's graduate department in mathematics had discriminated against Asian applicants.
Quote:
......... most elite universities have maintained a triple standard in college admissions, setting the bar highest for Asians, next for whites, and lowest for blacks and Hispanics. According to a 2004 study by three Princeton researchers, an Asian American applicant needs to score 50 points higher on the SAT than other applicants just to have the same chance of admission to an elite university. (Being an alumni child, by contrast, confers a 160-point advantage.) Yale records show that entering Asian American freshmen averaged a 1493 SAT score in 1999-2000, 1496 in 2000-2001, and 1482 in 2001-2. For the same three years, the average for white freshmen was about 40 points lower. Black and Hispanic freshmen lagged another 100-125 points below whites. A Yale spokesman attributed the Asian-white gap to more whites being recruited athletes, and said Asians and whites are held to the same academic standards."
Quote:
Federal investigators also turned up stereotyping by Harvard admissions evaluators. Possibly reflecting a lack of cultural understanding, Harvard evaluators ranked Asian American candidates on average below whites in "personal qualities." In comments written in applicants' files, Harvard admissions staff repeatedly described Asian Americans as "being quiet/shy, science/math oriented, and hard workers," the report found. One reader summed up an Asian applicant this way: "He's quiet and, of course, wants to be a doctor."
Quote:
He [Princeton economist Uwe Reinhardt] added that the stereotype of the quiet Asian student is "really a strange notion. My Asian American students are very lively. They take leadership positions. They're not at all shy or reticent."
Quote:
Now as then, a lack of preferences can be a convenient guise for racism. Much as college administrators justified anti-Jewish policies with ethnic stereotypes -- one Yale dean in 1918 termed the typical Jewish student a "greasy grind" -- so Asians are typecast in college admissions offices as quasi-robots programmed by their parents to ace math and science tests. Asked why Vanderbilt poured resources into recruiting Jews instead of Asians, a former administator told me, "Asians are very good students, but they don't provide the kind of intellectual environment that Jewish students provide.
Similarly, MIT dean of admissions Marilee Jones rationalized the institute's rejection of Henry Park by resorting to stereotypes. Although she wasn't able to look up his application because records for his year had been destroyed, "it's possible that Henry Park looked like a thousand other Korean kids with the exact same profile of grades and activities and temperament," she emailed me in 2003. "My guess is that he just wasn't involved or interesting enough to surface to the top." She added that she could understand why a university would take a celebrity child, legacy, or development admit over "yet another textureless math grind." College administrators who made such remarks about black or Jewish students might soon find themselves higher education outcasts."
Quote:
Lenny [college counselor at Hunter College High School] acknowledged that the failure of college admissions staffs and high school counselors to probe below these superficial similarities and get to know Asian Ameican students as individuals may reflect unconscious racism. As a "white melting-pot woman" she said, it may be harder for her to communicate with Asian students than it would be for an Asian counselor. At the time of my visit, none of Hunter's counselors were Asian American."
...Hunter's mission is to find and educate New York City's most intellectually gifted students. ...... This system produces a student body that is nearly 40 percent Asian American, including many first-generation students.
From chapter 10, "Ending the Preferences of Privilege":
Quote:
Provide equal access for Asian American students and for international students who need financial aid. If elite colleges were truly committed to socioeconomic diversity, they would regard the proliferation of outstanding Asian American applicants as an opportunity, not a problem. They would rush to propel into the higher ranks of American society a group of students who not only boast outstanding test scores and grades but also are immigrants or immigrants' children from low- or middle-income familites that sacrificed in hope of a better life for the next generation. Asian American students also bring a variety of cultures, languages, and religions to stir the campus melting pot. Colleges should counter anti-Asian bias through sensitivity training sessions and hiring more Asian American admissions deans, directors, and staff.
In 1990, the federal Office for Civil Rights found that Asian Amercian students needed highter test scores than whites to be admitted to Harvard. But it bought Harvard's argument that preferences for legacies and athletes, who were mostly white, accounted for the gap, rather than race discrimination. Scaling back those preferences would deprive elite universities of excuses for setting a higher bar for Asian Americans and compel them to confront the question of racism.
Date: November 20th, 2006 7:14 PM Author: Translucent French Hell Candlestick Maker
It's your job to comprehend what he's saying, which was pretty clear. Thinking that the "racism" was referring to the ones exercised by the adcoms is much more logical than thinking that it's the applicants practicing racism.
Date: November 21st, 2006 12:58 AM Author: Curious narrow-minded gas station
Overrepresented only by the metric of their population's relative size in the US, but that says nothing about whether they are overrepresented based on their relative academic merit. Li is saying they aren't and all the evidence I've seen dumped on this board in the past few days supports that claim. Seriously dude, you are either pretending like you don't get it or you are an idiot; either way, the stupidity of your posts makes me cringe.
Date: November 21st, 2006 6:32 AM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater Subject: I agree
If this is really the case, Li will definitely win, but the politically correct and politically appointed OCR may decide against him because of its own biases. The OCR consists of Ivy educated lawyers protecting the status quo. If so, Li would have at least brought the issue of anti-Asian bias to the national forefront and this will prompt more Asian Americans who feel that they were discriminated against to file more complaints and federal law suits in the the future. These law suits may be in the form of a class action suit, or "primae facie", requiring Princeton, and the Ivies/Elites to show the burden of proof against these charges, instead of the other way around.
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:15 PM Author: Translucent French Hell Candlestick Maker
"He was measured up against other well-qualified Asian-Americans and Princeton made its decision with regard to that particular pool of qualified applicants. To assume that this rejection occurred because he was Asian or to even think the same did not happen to other perfectly qualified students of a similar background is ridiculous."
Yeah so if he were white or black, he would've been compared to other white or black students, and would have probably gotten in (especially in the latter case), no?
I'm not *too* against AA but the writer is a dumbass.
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:27 PM Author: Translucent French Hell Candlestick Maker
And only that, right? Not really compared to *other* Asians or anything. That's what the article said dooder, which is pretty much racist. Even the defender of AA admits racism.
No one has a problem with discrimination by geography, location, school, etc.
They have a problem with racial discrimination, which seems understandable. If non-asians from this guy's high school hadn't gotten in with lower numbers, he wouldn't be bitching.
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:21 PM Author: Pungent Balding Casino
Jonathan T.M. Pitts-Wiley is black, goes to Yale, and most likely reaped the benefits of AA. Of course, he's going to defend it; it got him to the top of the Ivy League.
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:28 PM Author: Pungent Balding Casino
Did I write that "blacks should be systematically excluded from the Ivy League"? Or did I write that it's natural for Pitts-Wiley to defend AA, being, most likely, a beneficiary of it himself.
Maybe you can take some reading comp classes. They'd help you out a lot.
Date: November 20th, 2006 5:33 PM Author: Pungent Balding Casino
Exactly. It seems that "grate t-shirt okinawa" is the racist. Is he/she suggesting blacks can't get into highly selective schools w/out AA? That they aren't academically competitive without it?
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:43 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
two separate issues:
The only measurement of academic competitiveness is performance in college. If you exclude blacks from college based on some dumb-ass test, you will never find out how academically competitive they are.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:55 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
fair based on what?
what are the schools trying to achieve?
have they compared their admissions criteria to success in school? how about to success in life?
In my example, F. Scott Fitzgerald was placed on academic probation and eventually left Princeton without graduating. Does that mean Princeton should not have admitted him?
Fair based on objective standard of academic performance.
The schools are trying to admit people who can thrive and handle a challenging academic environment.
Those admissions criteria do in fact correlate with success in school - that's why they're used.
Success in life? Certainly relates to intelligent / SAT / GPA.
How does citing one spoiled white guy help your case? Do you want to throw all standards out the window?
If you want to base admissions on other measures of ability/character, like military service, economic obstacles, interviews, fine. Just don't base it on race.
Date: November 20th, 2006 7:44 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
If handling a challenging academic environment is a concern, I see few problems with setting a minimum SAT score and then selecting people above that score. It's not the case that every SAT point matters; consider, for one thing, the margin of error. Success in life is not directly proportional to any of those metrics. You've certainly heard of "overachievers" and "underachievers".
The problem with simply setting a minimum SAT score is that creates greater mediocrity in the class as a whole. 50-200 points may not matter in every individual case, but across broad groups, they do tend to reflect real differences.
If you want to look more at other measurements of academic ability, and factor in socioeconomics, that's fine. It just shouldn't be based on race. If urms want to get into top schools, they can prep for the SAT and study hard like everyone else.
the use of soft factors is not a guarantee of success either, if you think it is better than the use grades and SAT scores. Where do you think all the movie actors graduated from? Hum? ignoramus? How many of them graduated from the Ivies start telling me the stats? Yeah, Matt Damon? he graduated from harvard right ? So what? I doubt Harvard helped him at all in his movie career? He could have graduated from another school and still be an actor . How was he admitted at harvard ? Are you going to claim to me it is because of his grades? Well Tom Hanks graduated from Cal State Sacramento, Kevin Costner graduated from Cal State Fullerton? did Di Caprio and Julia Roberts even need college to be in the movies? Sandra Bullock went to East Carolina University, Adrien Brody was a dropout at CUNY Queens, Denzel went to Fordham. Tony soprano and Callista Flockhart went to Rutgers, Matthew McConaughey, Renee Zellwegger, and the WIlson brothers went to UT- Austin. Not that I care about the movies, I don't. You can see however that you do not need to go to the Ivies to make millions of dollars. In the entertainment industry, the arts , music the Ivies hardly make that much of a dent. So any stupid claim here that soft factors are better than grades and sAT scores are just that , plain stupid. Did Tom Cruise study in Canada or was he a dropout from a school in Pittsburgh?
Date: November 20th, 2006 11:15 PM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
BTW, Damon's parents were college professors in the Boston area and he grew up in the area also. His buddy, Ben Affleck, I believe also, never graduated from college, but his brother, a movie director, graduated from Columbia.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:54 PM Author: Translucent French Hell Candlestick Maker
You said they would be "systematically excluded." How would that be, considering everyone would be judged under the same criteria (socioeconomic factors also being taken into account, obviously). The ones who don't have the grades, the scores, or the ECs to get in would be "systematically excluded," not necessarily just the blacks.
Of course I'm all for diversity, which is why I don't think AA should be abolished but it should displace more whites than it does Asians at this point.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:58 PM Author: Magical Mental Disorder
Unless you believe in a master race, races should be represented according to their percentage in the population. Since, according to hero, asians are overrepresented by 400%, there is no reason to displace any more whites; enough whites are already displaced.
"Unless you believe in a master race, races should be represented according to their percentage in the population."
Really? So if one race chooses not to study at all, they should be admitted to schools at the same rate as races who study much harder, and are therefore far more academically capable?
Date: November 21st, 2006 4:55 AM Author: Magenta Exciting Becky
The empirical answer is yes. There may be a horrible history of slavery and discrimination which resulted in this fact, but it does not deny the reality that without AA, blacks and latinos would see an enormous decline at elites.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:41 PM Author: Pungent Balding Casino
The Daily Princetonian's editorial staff also came out pro-affirmative action. I think all the Ivies would side this way. The only universities that might not are highly selective publics.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:46 PM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
What else would the Ivies say? Ironically, there are MANY Asian Americans on the Crimson Editorial Board and other Ivy papers, contrary to the stereotype that "Asians can't write essays.". These Asians are HYPOCRITES, and they don't want to rock the boat. Just witness some of the comments of the Asian American prestige whores in the elite schools and the wannabe prestige whores not in elite schools on the xoxohth. This is not just about Princeton. This about the Ivies and the status quo in the Ivies/Elites. This is really not about Jian Li, alone, and Li has stated this. Eventually, sooner than later, this issue may end up as a class action law suit in the Federal Courts or "primae facie", where the burden of proof will be placed on Princeton against the charges.
Date: November 20th, 2006 10:18 PM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
Well, Jews who are admitted at the largest percentage for any group today, did not even meet the height requirement and "the looking good" requirement for admissions to the Ivies. They were kept out because of their height and their "looks" in the past. But today, Jews are admitted without these limitations, and they have become the most successful of all the racial and ethnic groups in society in terms of future earnings.
Date: November 21st, 2006 6:13 AM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
Yes, the German Jews were admitted first, and the Eastern European Jews were still kept out initially, but today, Jews of every backgroud are admitted without regard to religion, ethnicity or height and "looking good (WASPY)" requirements as Jews were subjected to in the past.
Height requirements and outward appearances are ALWAYS RACED BASED and SEX BASED.
Even the height requirements were lowered for the NYPD to allow more latinos, women, and other minorities to join. This also happened at the US Naval Academy, the US Military Academy as well the other service adcademies.
Your desire to include blacks and hispanics causes you to give the SAT (and all other objective criteria) less importance than they deserve. It also causes you to give skin color an importance it does not deserve, and that is frankly both immoral and unconstitutional.
Date: November 20th, 2006 6:56 PM Author: Translucent French Hell Candlestick Maker
Well of course they would; they don't want to seem racist. Also, AA isn't such a terrible policy; but it could be executed better. At the moment it's implemented disproportionately at the expense of Asian-American students.
"Some analyses of standardized test scores show that Asian-American applicants, on average, must attain higher scores to snag admission to some of the nation’s most desirable schools. But these statistics, while initially disturbing, are the result of a just and well intentioned system of affirmative action in college admissions."
Oh, okay. As long as the racism is part of a system that's just and well-intentioned.
Date: November 20th, 2006 10:39 PM Author: bateful lime senate
Asians are smaller in stature because we were civilized a lot earlier than whites and blacks, so size stopped being a factor for selection. Also we are thinner because we've had agriculture for much longer than whites and blacks, so our bodies do not convert extra calories into fat as much.
Asians are what whites will look like maybe 5000 years from now. We are the master race, and the European miracle was nothing but a fluke, because you people colonized the Americas, so there was practically an endless supply of resources for you to wage war with.
Date: November 21st, 2006 12:24 AM Author: gold bearded hall volcanic crater
Ever smell the single white guy sitting next to you and smell the area after he gets up and leaves the room? Smelly is not the word. The space vacated by this one white guy and the whole room stinks to high heaven, even after he leaves.
Date: November 21st, 2006 3:50 AM Author: bateful lime senate
so? Asia is already caught up, a large percent of science and engineering PhD's worldwide are Asian, so what's your point? And it's likely that Asia will be fueling any future development in the sciences.
Date: November 21st, 2006 3:53 AM Author: henna crotch faggotry
Asia isn't caught up. just compare the standard of living between any non-japanese country with any "white" country. or compare the locations of the top research universities in the world--they are all in europe and america except for one in japan. Asia won't be caught up until it has top research universities and R&D funding equal to the US. Unlikely to happen soon
Date: November 21st, 2006 4:07 AM Author: henna crotch faggotry
you fail to realize that asians don't give a fucking shit about asia but only want to buy the new mercedes-benz. The kind of continent race-awareness you believe in doesnt exist in asia.
Date: November 21st, 2006 4:48 AM Author: henna crotch faggotry
chinese would rather see american world domination than japanese and vice versa. this is unlike, say, africa, where there is a real continent wide race awareness and nation states there are largely a colonial imposition. Not so in asia.
Date: November 21st, 2006 3:50 AM Author: henna crotch faggotry
white people were already technologically superior to china in 1492, dude. Asia was backwards because it had a single dominant power and no international rivalry, plus an unlimited amount of cheap labor so labor saving inventions were largely worthless
Date: November 21st, 2006 4:01 AM Author: bateful lime senate
There is no such thing as the Chinese Miracle, Chinese development and rise to power took place very gradually, which means it is not a fluke like the European Expansion.
At the peak of Imperialism, European controlled over half of the world, but their influence rapidly receded, indicating that it was nothing but a fluke, and their dominance over the other races will likely to continue to fall to pre-European Miracle periods.
Date: November 21st, 2006 4:04 AM Author: henna crotch faggotry
the chinese miracle is the period in which the chinese rapidly rose to power over 3000 years. Since chinese influence has been on the decline in the last 1000 years, it is safe to assume it will continue to decline
Date: November 21st, 2006 8:57 PM Author: jet-lagged theater knife
Various writing systems originated in various countries that were contemporary with the time of the Sumerians, but the Chinese script which evolved is the the only that has survived today that is still used.
Date: November 21st, 2006 4:02 AM Author: Exhilarant house
without AA, there'd be no blacks at P. is this a good result? don't dodge the question by saying "well, blacks could just go to cornell" or something like that.